| Being a group of climbing palms under the subfamily Calamoideae of the family Palmae, rattans are regarded as multiple-purpose plant resources and an important kind of commercial non-timber forest products in tropical and sub-tropical forests. However, the over-exploitation in the wild rattans and the loss of tropical forests have made rattan resources dwindle rapidly and threatened sustainable utilization of rattan resources and long-term survival of rattan industry. Therefore, the development of rattan plantations and the improvement of plantation management technique are urgently needed to avoid this unfavorable plight and to boost the sustainable utilization of rattan resources. Under this circumstance of dwindling resources and increasing development of rattan plantation in South China, two excellent rattan species, Calamus simplicifolius and Damonorops margaritae in Daqingshan, Guangxi province, were selected for the serial studies on selection of rattan seedlings, silvicultural measure and harvesting method to provide scientific information and technical support for the development of rattan plantations, the improvement of intensive management and sustainable utilization of rattan resources.By comparing silvicultural effect of tissue culture seedlings and normal seed seedlings of Calamus simplicifolius, it was found that planting with single shoot seedlings generally produced more satisfying result than with multiple shoot tissue culture seedlings and normal seed seedlings, judged by survival rate, suckering ability, mother stem length and rattan clump length in combination with growth tendency of seelings. Therefore, single shoot seedling was superior to the other two types in general, and can service as an excellent planting material to develop rattan plantations.The effect of planting density on growth and yield of Daemonorops margaritae plantation was analyzed on the basis of experiment of planting spacing including 3 m×3 m(A), 2 m×3 m(B), 1 m×3 m(C) and 1 m×2 m (D) 4 density levels. The result showed that planting spacing affected suckering ability, total clump length, self-thinning rate, mean stem diameter and cane yield per clump significantly except mother stem length; cane yield per hectare increased first and then decreased gradually with the density increasing with a peak value under the density of 3 333 trees per hectare. Total input and net income of plantation within 13 years increased and decreased with planting density respectively. Based on these results, the spacing of 3 m×3 m or 3 m×2 m was recommended for the purpose of both higher output and better management of Daemonorops margaritae plantation by matching practical situation. The effect of group-planting on growth and yield of Calamus simplicifolius was evaluated based on the trial covering 2(A), 3(B), 4(C) seedlings per group and single seedling planting (CK). Survival rate of mother stem decreased gradually with seedling number per group and was lower in group-planting than in single-planting and there were no significant differences among treatments. All survival rates of clump at different levels of group-planting were 100%, higher than that of single-planting. Group-planting decreased both sucker shoot number and mother stem length significantly, but increased plant number per clump and total length per clump dramatically. Group-planting also had significant effect on both mean diameter and mean internode length, and the differences between single-planting and 3- and 4- seedling per clump were highly significant. Cane yield increased with seedling number per group and was higher in group-planting than in single-planting, showing significant difference between group-planting treatments and single-planting but no significant differences among group-planting treatments. Further economic analysis showed that 2 seedlings per group produced the best result among three levels of group-planting.Harvest regimes had eminent economic effect on 13-year-old rattan plantations. The harvest regime of first harvest at 9 years with... |
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