Xiaoxing'an Mountains Virgin Forest & Secondary Forest Landscape And Digital Forest Management

The regional landscape structure analysis and landscape quantity control have become the important theories for sustainable forest management. The research of forest landscape diversity and forest community diversity and their application based on the GIS in the forest management, make forest management more efficient and foreseeable. Theory and experience for forest management developed in the past can be improve by incorporating the new knowledge. This research was conducted based on the data from an integrative geographic unit of the natural forest, Fenglin reserve forest, and two neighboring forest farms,Yangshuhe and Lilin, with different management intensities which are the representatives of forest management intensities in Yichun Region, Heilongjiang Province, China. By employing the Landscape ecology theory and method and GIS technique, the landscape diversity, community diversity, and digital management at the Fenglin reserve, Yangshuhe and Lilin forest farms were studied. The landscape diversity and community biodiversity of broadleaved-korean pine forest were systematically studied at species, community and landscape levels by incorporating landscape factors and various management strategies. We concluded that:1. The spatial landscape characteristics of the broadleaved- coniferous old growth forest and the second growth forest in Xiaoxing' an mountains in Heilongjiang province was described quantitively by landscape index. The variation of landscape patches in response to various disturbance intensities was used to indicate the spatial heterogeneity and distribution of the landscape factors, and reveal the difference between landscape diversities. The relationship between human disturbances and forest landscape conditions was established, which is essential for the planning and management of forest landscape, biodiversity protection and sustainable utilization of forest resources in forests under stresses from human disturbance.2. The landscape fragmentation led to the regroup of tree species in spatial distribution within the old growth forest landscape in Fenglin, and the second growth forest landscape in Lilin and Yangshuhe. In the old growth landscape area, Tilia amurense, Pinus koraiensis, Picea koraiensis, Abies nephrolepis, Betula costata were spatially more broadly distributed, suggesting that these species are the constructive species of zonal climax community and have adapted better to various habitats within the area. The species of Juglans mandshurica, Populus koraiena, Betula costata are in the inferior position.According to the secondary forest landscape at metric space of altitude, slope, exposure, Picea koraiensis, Abies nephrolepis, Acer mono, Betula platyphylla, Betula costata broadly distribute, that show Picea koraiensis, Abies nephrolepis the constructive species of zonal forest community in the secondary forest zone and have more adaptive to the different forest sites. The species of Juglans mandshurica, Larix dahurica, Betula costata are in the inferior position. Pinus koraiensis at the present time is not main species, but as time goes by, it is potential the constructive species.The spatial distribution analysis of the main forest tree species at metric space of altitude, slope, exposure in tow disturbance forest area, the virgin forest gradually become more secondary forest characters under more disturbance. The spatial distribution of Pinus koraiensis, Tilia amurensis become small and Betula platyphylla, Populus koraiena, P. davidiana as r-strategists will rapidly occupy the forest sites.3. The species diversity within a forest community are the indicators of community structure and the complexity of its function, the research on which make better understanding of the species composition, dynamics and development of the community, and reflect the effect of protection on plant community and its environment. The biodiversity features of plant community revealed by this study made up the theory foundation for the management and biodiversity dynamics monitoring of Fenglin reserve.4. The GISs of Fenglin forest reserve and the two forest farms were established, and the analysis of the current forest resources, mainly stand type structure, tree species structure and stand age structure was made and calibrated using the buffering analysis and the forest stocking equivalent method aiming at the sustainable management. Due to excessive forest resources consumption, the forest stands in Yangshuhe forest farm were dominated by trees in small diameter class; the strategy for forest management was redirected to hillside enclosure for forest restoring, establishment of fast growing and yield plantation forest. By the combination of the aspects, the sustainable management of the forest resources would be met.