| The relationship between different genotype soybeans and phosphorus nutrient were determined upon levels of time, space and molecule. It focused on several problems: (1) The phosphorus of different genotype soybeans would be used in order to obtain the best yield and quality; (2) the key control point of main enzymes that functioned in nitrogen metabolism during growing stage; (3) the soil phosphorus changing regulation during growing stage; (4) The globulin subunits forming regulation of soybean grains; (5) The relationship between subunits contents among each treatment and phosphorus nutrient. These can improve utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizers and provide theoretical basis as well as technology for the superior species to be orderly improved. This research was significant in theoretic and practice as well as in revivaling soybean industry.The research was performed in experiment station of Sugar Institute, Harbin Industry Technology University from 2002 to 2004. Three kinds of soybeans, DongNong 42 (high protein variety, HPV), HeFeng 25 (middle variety, MV), DongNong 46 (high oil variety, HOV) were planted in pots with randomized blocks design. On the basis of nitrogen usage (75kg/hm2) and K2O usage (75 kg/hm2), four levels of phosphorus treatments were designed as P0, P5, P10, P15 (0, 5, 10, 15 were the P2O5 amounts used per mou, Kg/ mou),12 combination in total.Five important researches were discussed in this thesis: (1) Determine the soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus contents, confirm the changing regulation of soil phosphorus and find the optimum phosphorus usage amounts; (2) Set out the accumulation amounts of dry matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in total plants and each organ; (3) Measure the enzyme activities for NS/GS and the soluble protein contents in functional leaves/grains; (4) Determine the accumulation amounts in globulin and their subunits; (5) Measure the yields, the contents of protein, kinds of oil, amino acids and fatty acids.After measuring the accumulation and allocation of dry matters in plants, the results showed that there were relatively large effects of phosphorus usage on the dry matters accumulation in soybean. With the increase of the phosphorus usage amounts, the dry matters accumulation amounts would be increased in each organ of soybean, but the accumulation amounts would be decreased with extra high phosphorus. The optimum phosphorus usage amounts in HPV and HOV were at P10 treatment and at P5 treatment, respectively. The dry matters were allocated mainly in leaves before flowering stage, in stems during flowering stage and in pods after flowering stages.The total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium amounts in soybeans were determined with classical methods such as Kai's Fixed Nitrogen, The Mo-Sb colormetricmethod and Atomic Absorption. The results suggested that there were relatively large effects of phosphorus usage on the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation in total plants and each organ. In each species under each treatment, the nitrogen amounts in total plants and each organ were gradually increased from branching stage and reached their peak values at ripening stage; While the phosphorus and potassium amounts were gradually increased from branching stage, reached their peak values at flowering stage and decreased till ripening stage. In the same species under each treatment, suitable phosphorus amounts were in favor of the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The highest accumulation amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in total plants were obtained at P10 treatment in HPV and MV; but in HOV, that of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were obtained at P5, P10, P15 treatments, respectively, indicating that phosphorus usage can help nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium reaching optimum balance, acquiring higher accumulation amounts. In the same treatment with different species, nitrogen accumulation amounts were higher in HPV than in MV and HOV, phosphorus accumulation amounts were higher in HOV than in MV and HPV. There was no significant difference with potassium accumulation amounts in three species. The nitrogen requirements were higher in HPV than in MV and HOV, while the phosphorus requirements were higher in HOV than in MV and HPV.The total and available phosphorus amounts in soil were estimated with HCIO4-H2SO4 and 0.5MNaHCO3. The total and available phosphorus amounts in soil were increased with the increase of phosphorus usage. The soil total phosphorus amounts were quite low at flowering stage and pod filling stage, and for soil available phosphorus, the lowest value were appeared at pod setting stage and ripening stage. During growing stage, the soil available phosphorus were always lower in HOV than in MV and HPV, indicating that much more phosphorus were absorbed by HOV than by MV and HPV and showing that much more phosphorus were needed by HOV.The NR and GS activities were determined with sulfanilamide colormetric method and kits. In each species under each treatment, NR activities in functional leaves were gradually decreased from seedling stage to ripening stage; the highest GS activities were appeared at pod setting stage; In grains, their GS activities were gradually decreased from 30 days after flowering, and reached lower values from 50-60 days, finally increased till ripening stage. In the same species under each treatment, the highest NR and GS activities in functional leaves and the highest GS activities in grains were at P10 treatment in HPV and MV, at P5 treatment in HOV. In the same treatment with each species, the NR and GS activities in functional leaves were the highest in HPV and the lowest in HOV. The GS activities in grains were higher in HPV than in HOV, while the GS activities could sustain longer time in HPV. The highest NR and GS activities in HPV showed the best nitrogen metabolic activity and the increase of protein content.The protein contents in functional leaves and grains were measured with Coomassie G -250. In each species under each treatment, the protein contents in functional leaves were slowly decreased from seedling stage to pod setting stage, reached to the lowest values at pod setting stage and then gradually increased to the peak values at ripening stage. According to HPV, its protein contents in grains were increased from 40 days after floweringto ripening stage. However, according to MV and HOV, the trends were the same from 40 to 60 days and showed downtrends from 60 days to ripening stage. In the same species under each treatment, the highest protein contents in functional leaves and grains were at Pio treatment in HPV and MV and at P5 treatment in HOV. In the same treatment with each species, the highest protein contents in functional leaves and grains were in HPV and the lowest in HOV.The globulin subunits contents were determined with denatured gradient SDS-PAGE. In the same species under each treatment, the highest subunits contents were at P10 treatment in HPV and MV and at P5 treatment in HOV. In each species under each treatment, the subunits contents were gradually increased after flowering, reached to the peak values at 70 days and decreased till ripening stage. The highest subunits contents were at P10 treatment in HPV. In the same treatment with each species, the highest subunits contents were in HPV and the lowest in HOV. With the higher subunits contents, the globulin and protein contents in grains were also high, indicating that the protein contents were determined by subunits contents.The highest single plant yields were at P10 treatment in HPV and MV and at P5 treatment in HOV. On the basis of the effect of phosphorus on dry matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation, the optimum phosphorus usage were at P10 treatment in HPV and MV and at P5 treatment in HOV.The protein, oil, amino acid and fatty acid were determined with Perten8620, Amino acid analyzer and HPLC. The results showed that the highest protein contents were appeared at P10 treatment in HPV and MV and at P5 treatment in HOV; and the highest fat values were found at P10 treatment in HPV and at P15 treatment in MV and HOV. Among the twelve combination treatments, Dongnong 42 Pio treatment got the highest protein contents and Dongnong 46 P15 treatment obtained the highest fat contents. The highest total and necessary amino acids were at P10 treatment in HPV and MV and at P5 treatment in HOV. The highest olelic acid contents were at P10 treatment. The highest palmitic acid and stearic acid contents were in HPV and the highest olelic acid contents were in HOV. In MV, their linoleic acid and linolenic acid contents were the highest.The optimum phosphorus usage was at P10 treatment in HPV and MV and at P5 treatment in HOV depending on the NR/GS activities, soluble protein contents, subunits and globulin contents. There were closely relationship between protein forming and NR/GS activities, soluble protein contents, subunits and globulin contents.
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