Effect Of Different Phosphorus Level Soil On Phosphorus Accumulation And Yield Of Soybean

Soybean is an important oil crop in China and phosphorus is one of the necessary nutrients forgrowth and yield of soybean. Studying on rule of phosphorus accumulation and distribution ofsoybean are profound implications for appropriate application of phosphorus fertilizer, reductionin production costs and increase of soybean yield.This work was conducted with pot experiment and field experiment in the experimentalstation of Northeast Agricultural University in2012. Three soil phosphorus levels were set in thepot experiment and the available phosphorus content were9.96,16.29and33.41mg/kgrespectively. Six treatments were set in the experiment and there are without fertilizer treatmentand fertilizer treatment at every soil phosphorus level. Three phosphorus fertilizer levels were setin the field experiment and the fertilizer application amounts were0,150and300kg/hm²respectively. Studying on phosphorus accumulation and distribution of soybean systematically.Results were shown as follows：Leaf was the phosphorus accumulation center at the early period of soybean growth. With theadvancement of growth and development, the percentage of leaf phosphorus accumulation of plantphosphorus accumulation decreased gradually. The percentage of pod phosphorus accumulationincreased at later periods and abundant phosphorus gradually was transferred from vegetativeorgans to pod. The percentage of pod phosphorus accumulation was more than80%at matureperiod. The phosphorus accumulation and distribution rate of upper leaf and petiole were higherthan the ones of low part. The phosphorus accumulation and distribution rate of upper and middleleaf, petiole, pod were higher than the ones of low part from full-pod period to full-seed fillingperiod. And the phosphorus accumulation and distribution rate of upper, middle, low part of stemdidn’t have many differences.The phosphorus accumulation in vegetative organs at middle level presented a significantdifference between phosphorus treatment and without phosphorus treatment from seedling period（V₃） to flowering period（R₂）. The phosphorus accumulation in leaf, stem and pod at phosphorustreatment increased obviously from early-seed filling period （R₅） to full-seed fillingperiod（R₆）.Though increasing phosphorus could promote phosphorus accumulation at highphosphorus level, the effect was not better than the ones at middle and low levels in the wholegrowth.Pod grew from full-pod period（R₄） to full-seed filling period（R₆） and supply of phosphorus was crucial to formation of pod at the period. The effect of phosphorus at low phosphorus levelcould last until full-seed filling period（R₆） and it is crucial period that pod needed nutrients. Theeffect of phosphorus at middle and high phosphorus levels was the best at early bloomingperiod（R₁）. Obviously, phosphorus fertilizer treatments could promote the development of the podat middle and low phosphorus levels. And effect of phosphorus fertilizer treatments would onlylast until early blooming period（R₁） at high phosphorus level.The phosphorus content of leaf were same basically and higher at all treatments at full-podperiod（R₄）, which showed that whether fertilizing phosphorus or not, the phosphorus content ofleaf reached maximum at the period. Phosphorus fertilizer treatments had most influencedphosphorus content of root at middle phosphorus level. Phosphorus fertilizer treatments increasedphosphorus content of pod at middle and low levels. The phosphorus content of pod at alltreatment reached minimum at full-seed filling period（R₆）. Seed emerged and phosphorus contentof pod increased rapidly after full-seed filling period（R₆） that because phosphorus of other organswas transferred to pod.Fertilizer treatment significantly increased dry matter accumulation of leaf, petiole and root atmiddle phosphorus level at whole growth period. Dry matter accumulation of pod was larger thanthe others at the later growth period. Phosphorus fertilizer had greater impact on dry matteraccumulation of pod at middle phosphorus level.In the pot experiment, phosphate fertilizer had different impact on different soybean varieties.For HN48, plant height, sections number, effective pods number and seeds number showedsignificant difference after P fertilizer at P2level. Phosphate fertilizer had greatest impact on yieldat middle and high phosphate levels. For DN53, phosphate fertilizer treatment promoted soybeanyields at three phosphorus levels and the tendency was not obvious. For KF16, phosphorusfertilizers treatment had little influence on components of yield. But phosphorus fertilizerstreatment played a significant role in promotion of yield at middle phosphate level. In the field test,for DN53, yield was highest when amount of phosphate fertilizer was normal, that was150kg/hm².But for HN48and KF16,soybean yield increased with the amount of phosphate fertilizer rising.With soil phosphorus level rising, seed protein content increased, but it did not reachsignificant difference. Soil phosphorus level had little influence on fat content of seed and fatcontent was slightly higher only at middle phosphorus level.