| Coprinus comatus mushroom is one of rapid development and important edible fungi in recent years,and cultivated extensively in our country.Xylaria pedunculata is a new and predominant pathogenes of Coprinus comatus.This fungus only occurred on the cultivation bed of Coprinus comatus and once it occurred, the harm on Coprinus comatus would be severe, which may lead to yield drop and even failure of Coprinus comatus production.The paper discussed the biology characteristic of Xylaria pedunculata and the interaction between Coprinus comatus for the first time. Finally,according to the research, synthesis preventing and controlling pattern were established.The main results were as follows:1. The biology characters of Xylaria pedunculata were systematically studied for the first time. The results showed that the morphology of mycelia differed from creeping, to velvet, strand or coriaceous when it was incubated in different media. On the synthetical PDA slant medium, mycelia full grew with about 15-20d, on the synthetical PDA plate medium with about 20-25d and on the synthetical PD liquid medium with about 20-25d. The conidia also could form in the top or middle of mycelium on the media.The conidia which formed from tissue on the stroma surface and mycelium on the media were similar.The mycelium of Xylaria pedunculata could not grow on the normal substrates and there was only imperfect stage on the PDA,the stroma and perfect stage formed only when it was cultured together with Coprinus comatus.For the growth of mycelia, The range of temperature was 10-37℃,with the optimum of 25-30℃, The favorable pH was 2-11 with the optimum pH 5-7.For the germination of conidia, the range of temperature was 12-40℃,with the optimum of 25-35℃,the range of pH was 3-11,with the optimum pH 5-8,and the relative humidity must exceed 90%. Among the tested carbon and nitrogen sources, glucose, maltose, yeast extract, peptone, beef extract were favorable to the growth of mycelia. 20 g/L glucose or 20 g/L sucrose or pure water only in the agar media was not suitable for germination. Solid media and aeration condition were favorable to the growth of mycelia and germination of conidia. Light inhibited the growth of mycelia, but did not have significant effect on the germination of conidia. The lethal temperature for the mycelium was 47-50℃and 43-45℃for the conidia. The germination from unit pole was as predominant type and not germination on the stroma. 2. Determination on the biomass,the conductivity and the extracellular enzyme activity of Coprinus comatus revealed that there was some toxic active substance in the metabolite of Xylaria pedunculata, and toxic substance was correlation to inhabitation mechanism of Xylaria pedunculata on the growth of Coprinus comatus.This kind of matter could led mycelium of Coprinus comatus to istortion and mutual adhesion, penetrability of cell membrane and relative conductivity increasing, and CMCase and proteinases activity decreasing both in mycelium growth phase and fruiting phase.3.The experiment on the interaction between edible fungi (pleurotus ostreatus, lentinus edode, pholiota adipdsa, Coprinus comatus) and Xylaria pedunculata were studied with methods of plate dual culture and cultivation.The results showed that Xylaria pedunculata grew only in the growth area of Coprinus comatus,which was not antagonism with its growth and reversely could induce its stroma formation.Under optical microscope, further observation on the mycelium of Xylaria pedunculata and Coprinus comatus on the dual culture plate and in the infected cultivation bags was conducted,the results showed that Xylaria pedunculata was not parasitism to Coprinus comatus.4.Further experiment on the mycelium growth and the extracellular enzyme activity of Xylaria pedunculata proved that there was some special bioactive substance in the metabolite of Coprinus comatus, which had positive effects on the growth and the extracellular enzyme activity of Xylaria pedunculata.This kind of bioactive matters was of inducing action to stroma formation of Xylaria pedunculata,and when it occurred, then compete with Coprinus comatus and destructed its cell through toxic matter.Furthermore,Coprinus comatus was not resistance and antagonism to the Xylaria pedunculata.So the bioactive substance and the promotion of extracellular enzyme activity of Xylaria pedunculata might be one of occurrence mechanisms.5. The research demonstrated that the growth and development situation of Xylaria pedunculata was correlation highly to Coprinus comatus cultivation season, room temperature, relative humidity and casing layer moisture .Basing on the research, synthesis preventing and controlling pattern were established and the author consider that the most effective way to control Xylaria pedunculata is by well sterilizing in the cultivation process and regulating the ecological environment which the Coprinus comatus mushroom grows and changing cultivation methods of Coprinus comatus. |
