Conservable Economic Mechanism Studying On Amur Tiger In China

At present, species conservation especially endangered species conservation has been focused widely by international society. A lot of counties implemented a series of policies and measure on endangered species conservation and their habitat protection. But it is still blank in China that endangered species conservation mechanisms are discussed from the angle of economics. Discussing endangered species conservation mechanisms from the angle of economics has the following reasons: (1) human activities are one of the main factors that led to species endangered. (2) endangered species conservation has opportunities cost. (3) Economic incentive mechanism is the key factor to regulate human activities.Amur tiger(Panthera tigris altaica) has been concerned in the world. In China and the world, a series of laws and regulations have been established to protect tiger and its habitat. And these laws and regulations acted on wild tiger conservation.Tiger population in captive have been increased very much in china and been stable. But Amur tiger conservation faces serious economic problems that even are the key factor inhibiting Amur tiger conservation in China. The main economic problems faced by Amur tiger are as follows: (1)Captive breeding of Amur tiger was getting into economic jam; (2) the conflict of economic resources between protecting and the economic life of local people. These economic problems led the potential positive function of tiger conservation strategies, abosulute trade ban, in-situ conservation, ex-situ conservation was hard to be exerted.Conservational economic mechanism of Amur tiger have been explored from the following three aspects: (1) To evaluate economic value of Amur tiger. (2) To analyze economic strategy of wild Amur tiger conservation. (3) To explore utilization mechanism of tiger products of captive breeding..In order to evaluate the economic value of Amur tiger, we used dichotomous choice questionnaire and payment card format of CVM. And design 340 questionnaires for each format to investigate the willingness to pay of the residents in Harbin. Data were analyzed with t-test, Probit model and Principle factor analysis. The analysis shows that the result of dichotomous choice questionnaire is 3-4 times of the result with payment card. The main factors influenceing the result of payment card are age, education and comprehending on Amur tiger. And the dominant factor of dichotomous choice format questionnaire is the average household monthly income. Considering the result of dichotomous choice is closer to the real willingness than the result of payment card, the willingness to pay of the residents in Harbin is 24.42×10~8 Yuan for 20 years. In other words, the residents will make the Amur tiger divorced from endangerment in 20 years, the total economic value is 24.42×10~8 Yuan. Two months later, another investigation was conducted in the same site for testing the validity of the result. The analysis shows that the results are not significant difference before and after investigation using the same format of questionnaire.The economic strategies for wild Amur tiger were analysed: 11 villages of core zone, community co-management zone, the zone outside community co-management were selected in Hunchun nature reserve where Amur tiger moved about frequently. 302 questionnaires were conduced face to face. Data were analyzed with Mann-Whitney U test, Logistic stepwise regression and principle factor analysis. The result shows the villagers neither in core zone nor non-core zone have little tolerance to Amur tiger. But, if they were compensated for the damage by Amur tiger, most of the villagers in core zone don't want to injure the Amur tiger. The number of livestock and the number of livestock damaged by tiger are two main factors of impacting on villagers' tolerance to Amur tiger and compensating policy. We also investigated the villagers tolerance to wild boar (Sus scrofa).The result shows that the villagers could hardly bear wild boars.Research on the utilization mechanism in breeding tigers production are as follows: we use EXCEL, SPARKS and GENES to analyze the data from Amur tiger feeding record data in Hengdaohezi Felid Breeding Center in recent years shows. The analysis show that in this breeding population, the Average Generation Time (T) of female and male are respectively 7.816 & 7.965, and the net increase rate (Ro) of female and male are respectively 6.691 & 3.950, the cycle increase rate (λ) are respectively 1.280 & 1.190 and the intrinsic increase rate are respectively 0.243 & 0.172. The result shows that the age configuration and sex ratio of this Amur Tiger breeding population is reasonable, age structure is A style and the number of young tiger is great relatively. So it is a developing population. The sex ratio of this population is 1:1.07, which explains that this population is in a balance state. We find that inbreeding coefficient of two is 0.0625, that of 28 is 0.125 and that of 9 is 0.25 in this existing population with complete lineage. Although this existing population is stable and increasing, there are many problems such as high breeding cost, unclear lineage and serious inbreeding.The results of this paper have shown that the economic valuation of Amur tiger conservation is higher, thus Amur tiger should be key conservation. In our suggestions, some economic measures should be taken in the Amur tiger conservation: (1) The productions of breeding tigers should be disposed in appropriate manner; (2) Hunting for the wild boars in the Amur tigers' distribution region scientifically and reasonablly. Funds accumulated from breeding tiger's productions and wild boars hunting in Amur tigers' distribution region can be compensated for local people and development funds of Amur Tiger's breeding industry. It must help to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of local people and tiger-breeding enterprises to protect Amur tigers and form a tiger-for-tiger cycle style for the tiger conservation to promote the development of Amur tiger conservation career.