Study On Relation Between Soil Ecosystem And Tobacco Leaves Quality In Nanyang Tobacco Production Area

The soil is the base of human subsistence and development. The crop growth is close related to soil ecosystem. Tobacco is a special economic crop at leaves used and has a law and character itself of growth, development, and quality formation. Previously research always focused the physical and chemical character of soil while agrobiologic one neglected. Agrobiologic character of soil has been thought a recognition sensitivity index for soil fertility and health. In this research soil ecosystem and tobacco quality indexes were systematically studied basing on correction analysis, cluster analysis, fuzzy evaluation, principle component analysis, canonical correlation analysis to explore the relationship between Nanyang tobacco leaves feature and soil ecosystem. In addition the soil edaphon was researched by molecule biology methold, the microstructure and ultrastructure dynamical changes and gene expression of tobacco leaves during different area and different soil improvement measures were studied by optical and electrical microscopes and gene clip to know the quality forming process and mechanism. After that we cooperated and empoldered the new production which could meliorate the soil remarkable. It offered scientific gist and technique support for the tobacco production area soil ecosystem evaluation, melioration and tobacco leaf feature research .The results were showed as follows. The principle component was organic matter, the activity of enzyme and the number of microbes intergrated indexes in the soil ecosystem of Nanyang tobacco production area. Soil imporvement measures did effect to soil biology properties, physical and chemical ones. There was different effect for different soil improvement measures. This will offer scientific base in different hierarchy for the research and amelioration with key points to the soil ecosystem of Nanyang tobacco production area.There was an extensive variation among chemical compositions of flue-cured tobacco in Nanyang area in different years. The difference among years were significant at 1% level of total sugar, total nitrogen, nicotine, chlorine, reducing sugar, potassium, ratio of total sugar to nicotine, the ratio of total nitrogen to nicotine and the ratio of potassium to chlorine. We discovered the single leaf weightiness was lighter, the weightiness ratio of peduncle to leaf was higher, the thickness was thinner ,the content of Mg was higher , the less suitability mineral elements were P,K,Ca,Na and less suitability chemical compositions were nicotine, total sugar, reducing sugar and starch in Nanyang flue-cured tobacco leaves according to the diversity of physical and chemical indexes of flue-cured tobacco leaves of Nanyang compared with that of Zimbabwe, Brazil tobacco production areas. The diversity of the total contents of neutral aroma components in flue-cured tobacco leaves between Nanyang tobacco-production areas and Zimbabwe was indistinctive. But the relative contents of megastigmatrienone were distinctly less than the latter. Chemical composition analysis combining with cluster analysis and fuzzy evaluation to assess the quality of tobacco leaves showed that the method to assess the tobacco leaves'quality was suitable.The soil ecosystem affects the tobacco leaf quality and the tobacco leaf quality reflects the soil ecosystem. The relationship between them was very closely. Especially the soil agrobiologic character improvement measures might ameliorate the tobacco leaf quality.The study released the common changing rule of the microstructure and ultrastructure of tobacco leaves with optical and electrical microscopes cultivated in different area and different measures improved soil. The result showed that cell compactness was from high to low and cells shrinked and disaggregated in the ending growth phase. The starch grains in chloroplasts decreased in prophase and increased in anaphase steadily. The cell chloroplast density and higher granum lamellae decreased too .Osmiophilic globules increased rapidly. There were significant difference about intercellular space, the degree of disaggregation and the number of higher granum lamellae, granum stacks, starch grains and osmiophilic globules in different area in the anaphase. There was significant difference among treatments too. The peat treatment intercellular space was the biggest one and CK was the smallest one after transplant 53d. The cake fertilization treatment osmiophilic globules were more than other treatments and the CK was the lest. The number of higher granum lamellae and granum stacks of the cake fertilization treatment and the peat treatment were more than other treatments. The starch grains accumulated rapidly in anaphase in the CK and more than other treatments. The conclusion was that the degree of transformation from the accumulation of glucide to oil was different during different area and different soil improvement measures and the soil improvement measures could adjust it. To study the mechanism in tobacco plant under cake fertilizer changes of gene expression of tobacco leaves were analyzed by cDNA microarray analysis. RNAs of tobacco leaves with or without (CK) cake fertilizer were extracted and subjected to analysis of cDNA microarray based on Arabidopsis genomic sequence. By analyzing the differently expressed genes some formative mechanism of tobacco leaves quality plant under cake fertilizer were researched and knew some underling biology rule , the valuable information were offered to tobacco planting physiology.According to the research result that we should meliorate the tobacco planting soil through optimize the agrobiology properties. We changed traditional soil melioration method and empoldered the new production which chould meliorate the soil remarkable through providing edaphon the suitable increasing condition and the demonstration and applaction area was more than 1000 ha. Henan tobacco company decided it was the technology amelioration item to lead the way in 2008.The innovation points of this research were as follow:1 We studied the correlation of soil ecosystem indexes across-the-board and we established new tobacco leaves quality feature evaluation pattern. In addition we construct the relation between soil ecosystem and tobacco leaves quality in Nanyang tobacco production area in different degree.2 We analyzed more the influencing mechanism of soil ecosystem to tobacco leaves quality with advance technique such as electrical microscopes and gene chip.3 We put forward the idea that we should meliorate the tobacco planting soil through optimize the agrobiology properties and we changed traditional soil melioration method and empoldered the new production which could meliorate the soil remarkable through providing edaphon the suitable increasing condition .