| This study employed both field work and bench assay. It analyzed the chemical components of 392 sample leaves in 8 major tabocco counties, 3,362 soils sample in flue-cured tobacco field during five years, and the climate information within the past 30 years. The study systematically investigated the difference in comparative superiority of Henan tobacco, and the reason for the fluctuation in tobacco yield. It reviewed the tobacco variety in Henan province, studied the relationship between the climate and the chemical composition of tabocco leaves, and established the statistical model between them. We also recorded the abundance and deficiency of nutrients in the soils of tabocco fields, classified the soil nutrient grades, and found the correlation between the soil nutrients and leaf nutrients. Main conclusions are:1) The total production of flue-cured tobacco in Henan Province during the past 28 years. At present, the yield of flue-cured tobacco in Henan is still in the down trend, but the decreasing speed is getting slower. On the long term it can be expected that the new inflection point will appear in the coming 2-3 years, and the yield will be in the rising trend again. On the short term, the production is unstable and undulation is frequenct, fierce. In order to control the periodic undulation, and to promote the steady progress of tobacco production in Henan province, firstly, we should stablize the sown area s for tobacco and strengthen the protection fro those basic tobacco fields, especially the land ideal for tobacco growth. Next, we should emphasize the construction on the infrastruture and establish an insurance system for farmers from disaster, which will enhance the tobacco leaf production, resist natural disaster, and to guarantee tobacco farmers decent incomes even in bad years. Thirdly, the guiding function of the price signal should be fully used to direct the farmers to make the correct planning on the tobacco production and to help the stabilication of tobacco production. Fouthly, we should establish the "subsidy to land" policy and guide the farmers to implement the soil amelioration on their own initiative to actively increase organic fertilizer and to employ the green fertilizer, thus realize sustainable development of land.2) Scale comparative superiority, the efficiency comparative superiority and the overall comparative superiority in 12 tobacco leaf producting areas of Henan province were analyzed. Tobacco production comparative superiority of Luoyang, Sanmenxia, Xuchang, Luohe, Pingdingshan is outstanding. According to the essential factor reported bestows on the resources characteristic, and based on the utilization of the comparative superiority, we should fully take advantage of the growth potential of local flue-cured tobacco production, improve the production level of major tobacco areas, and use theat as the basic starting point and direction for Henan's tobacco industry. By comparing the scale comparative superiority, efficiency comparative superiority, and overall comparative superiority, it shows that the overall comparative superiority in Henan concentrates in Luoyang, Sanmexia, Xuchang, Luohe, Pingdingshan. Among them, Sanmenxia has the greatest overall comparative superiority, and Shangqiu, Zhoukou and Xinyang have an overall comparative superiority of less than 1 in each year, and have no advantage in the production of flue-cured tobacco. From a dynamic point of view, the overall comparative superiority of Sanmenxia is likely to be stronger. And those of Xuchang, Luohe, Pingdingshan will be weaker. Nanyang's synthesis comparative superiority transformed from inferiority into superiority. Zhumadian's synthesis comparative superiority transformed from superiority into inferiority.3) Chemical components in flue-cured tobacco leaf exists difference in different year. And it also exists difference in different positions. Mutation is also identical in different kinds of chemical components. Mutation in nicotine and the general nitrogen is less. It shows that they are effected less by natural and artificial effect. But, mutation in general sugar, potassium, chlorine are much higher, it explains that these components can through such as the cultivation, applying fertilizer, irrigation to change.4) Based on chemical components, we evaluated the flue-cured tobacco variety in Henan. Eight cultivars and six chemical components of tobacco which are planted in Henan are examed by using the DTOPSIS method. Comparison using the distance between the components of decision-making matrix R and the "ideal solution" and "negative ideal solution" shows that the Ci of K326 is the largest. This variety not only contains high concentration of potassium, but its other major features are very close to the "ideal solution", indicating it has good overall features. Besides K326, the results of other cultivars are: Yunyan 87 > RG17 > Yunyan 85 > CF965 >Zhongyan9203 > CF978 > NC89.5) Relations between tobacco leaf chemical components and climatic factor in different time in Henan Province had been analysed. The temperature, sunshine time, and precipitation of every ten days from April to September were studied for all the eight main tobacco counties during the past 35 years. And regression analysis was performed on climateic factors and tobacco chemical composition. The conclusions are as follows:a. During the seedling stage, temperature, light and rain water have no effect on nicotine, the total sugar accumulation, the nitrogen synthesis. The precipitation and the temperature have the certain inhibitory action on the chloride ion absorption by 0.003 unit and 0.0004 unit respectively. The precipitation and the sunshine also have inhibitory effect by the varying degree on the potassium ion absorption by 0.0001 unit and 0.0006 unit respectively.b. During the root growing stage , temperature have significant promoting effect on nicotine accumulation by 0.037 unit, also have some promoting effect on the total sugar accumulation by 0.162 unit. In this stage, these three meteorological factors-the temperature, light, and water have basically nothing to do with nitrogen accumulation. Sunshine hours has a negative correlation with the chloride ion absorption by 0.0006 unit.Temperature has significant inhibitory action on the potassium ion absorption by 0.025 unit.c. During prosperous growing stage, temperature has some promoting action on nicotine the accumulation by 0.02. unit The precipitation has some inhibitory effect on the synthesis of total sugar by 0.04. unit Meteorological factors as temperature, light, and water have no effect on the nitrogen absorption and accumulation. During the prosperous growing stage the increase of sunshine hours may suppress the chlorine absorption and accumulation by 0.0004 unit. Increase of the temperature and the sunshine hours has the more remarkable inhibitory action on the potassium ion absorption and the accumulation by 0.021 unit and 0.001 unit.d. During the mature period the precipitation and the sunshine hours have the remarkable inhibitory effect on nicotine accumulation by respectively 0.01 unit and 0.001 unit. But the temperature has some promoting effect on nicotine accumulation by 0.022. unit The meteorological factors do not have significant effect on the total sugar accumulation. During the mature period, climatic factors have some influence on the nitrogen compound absorption and the accumulation. The temperature can promote the synthesis of nitrogen compound by 0.014 unit. The precipitation and sunshine hours have the certain inhibitory action on the nitrogen absorption and the accumulation by 0.0003 unit and 0.0007 unit respectively. During the mature period, the temperature and the precipitation can in the certain degree suppress chloride ion absorption and accumulation by is 0.012 unit and 0.0002 unit respectively. During mature period, meteorological factor such as temperature, precipitation, and sunshine have the more obvious inhibitory action on potassium ion absorption and the accumulation by 0.025 unit, 0.0006 unit, 0.001 unit.6) Distribution of organic matter, pH, and the massive elements in Henan tobacco planting area soil had been analysed. Assay on 3,362 soil samples in Henan Province from main flue-cured tobacco areas show that:a. The mean value of soil organic matter content are greater than 15.0g·kg-1. It is smaller than the 15.0% standard and is far lower than Hunan 15.0 g·kg-1.The average is 13.3±3.2 g·kg-1 and variation is small. The coefficient of variation is 24.47%. Soil organic matter content of Xiangcheng is the highest in the eight major growing counties by 15.2 g·kg-1. But Fangcheng is the lowest by 11.3 g·kg-1. the order from high to low is the Lingbao, Xiangcheng, Jia county, Dengzhou, Yiyang, Biyang, Lushi, Fangcheng.b. Soil pH of Henan tobacco growing area is suitable overall. The average is 7.56±0.62, the amplitude is 5.49.35 and the variation is low. The coefficient of variation is 8.26%. Among them, soil with pH between 67, which is most suitable for flue-cured tobacco growing samples, accounts for 20.4%. Soil with pH between 6.08.0, which is suitable for flue-cured tobacco growing samples, accounts for 79.5%. If soil pH is higher than 9.0, it will affect the flue-cured tobacco growing. This kind of samples accounts for 1%. The order of soil pH of eight counties from high to low is Xiangcheng, Lingbao, Lushi, Yiyang, Fangcheng, Biyang, Jia county, and Dengzhou.c. Soil total nitrogen content in Henan Province is overall comparatively suitable, the mean is 0.84±0.16 g.kg-1 and the variation is small. The coefficient of variation is 19.31%. The order of soil total nitrogen content in 8 main growing counties from high to low is: Lingbao, Yiyang, Dengzhou, Xiangcheng, Lushi, Biyang, Jia county, Fangcheng. It is almost same as the order of organic content. Hydrolyzing nitrogen content in Henan province is overall comparatively suitable and the average is 57.68±21.03 mg.kg-1. The variation is small and the coefficientof variation is 36.47%. The order of soil hydrolyzing nitrogen content has the similar tendency in various production areas as the total nitrogen content order, which is Biyang, Jia county, Lingbao, Dengzhou, Fangcheng, Lushi, Xiangcheng, Yiyang.d. Soil total phosphorus content in Henan Province growing area is overall suitable, the average is 0.84±0.16 g.kg-1, variation is small, the coefficientof variation is 38.45%. The order of soil entire phosphorus content from eight main producing counties is Lingbao, Yiyang , Dengzhou, Lushi, Biyang, Jia county, Fangcheng, Xiangcheng. As a whole, soil fast-acting phosphorus total content in Henan Province is high, the average is 12.89±9.15 g.kg-1, it has some variation. The coefficient of variation is 9.15%. The order of soil fast-acting phosphorus content from eight main producing counties is Biyang, Dengzhou, Yiyang, Lingbao, Lushi, Jia county, Fangcheng, Xiangcheng. e. Soil total potassium overall content in Henan Province is suitable, the average is 18.1±3.1 g.kg-1, the variation is small, the coefficient of variation is 16.84%. The order of soil total potassium content from eight main producing counties is Yiyang,Lushi ,Lingbao, Xiangcheng , Jia county, Biyang, Fangcheng, Dengzhou. Soil fast-acting potassium overall content in Henan Province is suitable, the average is 158.39±64.78 mg.kg-1. It has a some degree of variation, the coefficient of variation is 40.9%.About 44.1% soil fast-acting potassium content is greater than 160.00 mg.kg-1. The order of fast-acting potassium content from eight main producing counties has the similar tendency as total potassium by Lushi, Yiyang, Lingbao being the highest, Lushi's content is 201.15 mg.kg-1. 81.1% of its soil fast-acting potassium content are greater than 160.00 mg.kg-1. Biyang, Fangcheng soil fast-acting potassium content is lower, average is about 100 mg.kg-1.f. The distribution of medium quantity element of flue-cured tobacco soil in Henan province had been analysed. The soil calcium content, magnesium content, and effective sulfur of 3,362 soils samples in Henan Province had been analyzed. The results indicate that :The soil calcium content in Henan Province is high overall, the average is 2219.34±1641.56 mg.kg-1, the variation is in certain degree, the coefficientof variation is 73.97%. The order of soil calcium content from eight main producing counties is Lingbao, Yiyang, Lushi, Jia county, Xiangcheng, Dengzhou, Fangcheng, Biyang. The soil magnesium content in Henan Province is overall suitable, the average is 335.17±142.72mg.kg-1, but it has a widespread variation however. The coefficient of variation is 61.88%. The order of magnesium content from the eight counties is Biyang, Dengzhou, Fangcheng, Lushi, Lingbao, Xiangcheng,Yiyang, Jia county. The soil sulfur in Henan Province is quite rich. The average is 53.57±64.51 mg.kg-1. It exhibits a widespread variation. The coefficient of variation is 120.42%. About 98.4% soils sample has an effective sulfur of more than 10 mg.kg-1, about 34% soil samples' effective sulfur of higher than 50 mg.kg-1. The order of soil magnesium content is Lingbao, Jia county, Lushi, Yiyang, Fangcheng, Xiangcheng, Dengzhou, Biyang.g. The distribution of soil trace element of flue-cured tobacco growing soil in Henan province had been analysed. Results from 3,362 soils samples suggest that: The trace elements content are not high in growing plant, and are also low in the soil, but they are indispensable to a growing plant. Lack of those elements can affect tobacco growth. Taking chlorine as an example, if the content in the tobacco leaf surpasses 1%, it can cause the tobacco leaf to burn power to drop. The soil effective boron content in Henan Province is somewhat low. The average is 0.37±0.15 mg.kg-1. It has a certain variation. The coefficient of variation is 39.94%. About 64.8% soils sample effective boron content is lower than 0.4 mg.kg-1. The order of soil effective boron content from eight main producing counties is Lingbao,Yiyang, Xiangcheng, Fangcheng, Lushi, Jia county, Dengzhou, Biyang. The soil soluble chlorinity in Henan Province is not suitable. The average is 42.25±37.32 mg.kg-1. It has large variation which amounts to 88.34%. About 87.5% soils sample's water-soluble chlorinity can satisfy the growth of high quality flue-cured tobacco. The orde of soluble chlorinity from eight main producing counties is Biyang, Lushi, Fangcheng, Lingbao, Xiangcheng, Dengzhou, Jia county, Yiyang. Soil chlorinity in Yiyang is the lowest by 18.64 mg.kg-1. The highest is Biyang by 61.76 mg.kg-1. Lushi is next to Biyang by 59.47 mg.kg-1. Therefore these two counties must reduce the use of low or none chlorine fertilizer . The highest Fe content is in Biyang by 26.64 mg.kg-1, Lingbao is the lowest by 2.33 mg.kg-1. Biyang has the highest Manganese content by 15.79 mg.kg-1, but Xiangcheng is the lowest by 2.26 mg.kg-1. Fangcheng's Zinc content is the highest by 1.46 mg.kg-1. Lingbaoto is the lowest by 0.72 mg.kg-1, both of them belong to the low scale. Molybdenum content in Jia county is the highest by 40.39 ppb. Yiyang is the lowest by 18.13 ppb.7) Relationship between chemical components in flue-cured tobacco leaf and soil chemical element was analyzed. Field investigation and bench assays were employed. Nitrogen, potassium, and chlorine content in soil samples of 3,362 soils samples and 392 flue-cured tobacco leaf samples were analyzed. The results demonstrate that: fast-acting nitrogens between tobacco and soil have significant correlation, bu thte relation on potassium and chlorine content between soil and leaf is not significant. The leaf nitrogen content and the soil fast-acting nitrogen content are correlated with a coefficient 0.81 at 5% significant level. the other two tayes of nitrogen contents are not correlated. For each increase of 1 unit on fast-acting nitrogen content in soil, the total nitrogen content in the leaf increases 0.14‰. The tobacco leaf potassium content and the soil total potassium content also have some correlation with a coefficient of 0.61. Under the constant content of total fast-acting potassium, every increase of 1 unit on the total potassium will generate 0.52‰increase on potassium content in the leaf. Keeping the potassium content constant, 1% increase of soil total potassium content will generate 0.49% increase of potassium content in the leaf. The available chlorine content in soil is an important factor on leaf chlorinity. The reason that the chlorinity in flue-cured tobacco leaf in some areas of Henan is a little high possibly is that their soil available chlorine content is high, and that the water chlorinity content is high.
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