Study On Germplasms Of Phaseoulus Vulgaris L. In Heilongjiang And Strategy Of Breeding Program

Snap bean is an important vegetable with delicious taste and abundant nutrition,which is cultivated all over the world.Heilongjiang Province has a plenty of snap bean germplasms,because of its unique climate some landraces which are called 'You Dou' bean are welcomed by customers for its high quality,splendid pod and special flavor,and are regarded a kinds of featured agriculture products of this area.The planting areas and cultivating region grow gradually.'You Dou' beans can be cultivated in fields or in plastic green house.A new and high breading goals have been put forward with the rapid development of production.On the basis of evaluation of the landraces germplasm to tolerance to abiotic and biotic factors,according to the classification results of the germplasms.A new special breeding line is created.A new variety is breed by selecting proper parents and building high efficient breeding system.The study adopt the seedling identification methods and indirect methods to identify the germplasm tolerance to chill injury and to chill chamber.Concerning the tolerance to chill,the results show that different gene type have different tolerance to chill and the chill injury index has a positive correlation with electrolyte leakage rate,49 landraces such as HuiYouDou are high tolerance to chill and can be used for improving tolerance to chill in breeding program concerning the tolerance to heat,the results shows that different gene types have different tolerance to heat and electrolyte leakage rate,but the heat injury index have no correlation with electrolyte leakage rate.9 landraces such as Zhihua perform a high tolerance to heat and can be used for heat resistance breeding.Spore spray and hype double holes injection methods are used to evaluation some snap bean germplasms resistance to anthranthranose and Fusarium root rot during seedling.7 varities are high resistence to anthranthranose and 1 variety is high resistanee to Fusarium root rot.SSR markers have many advantages such as high codominant,high polymorphism. easy operation,easy repeat,steady and reliability and are widely used.16 pairs of primers which selected from 50 pairs of primers are amplifyied pattern bands which perform a high polymorphism.SSR markers are used to do cluster analysis on 100 snap bean germplasms which divided into 6 groups.The 1^st group include Bayuelu,Laolailu,Hongdoukuan etc.which come from Heilingjiang,Jiulibai from Shandong,No.12 Yudou from Guang dong and BELBAK-RR-2,BELDAKMI-RR from CIAT.This group varieties all are climb type and have a complicated genetic back ground.The 2^nd and the 3^rd group varieties are all from CIAT which show small pod,small seed and more fiber.The 4th group are make up of landraces from Heilongjiang and some breading lines which pods have no fiber and have special flavor. The 5th and 6th groups are all dwarf varieties but have flat pod and round pod respectively. The cluster analysis result shows that the similarity coefficient of Weifangbaili and Baijiadou, Lulongdou and Bifeng,Huaquedai and Xianmazhang exceed 0.99,and conclude that they are the same varieties.The result is helpful to core collection of snapbean germplasm and parents selection in hybridization.This method solve the problem' same name but different varieties' or 'different name but the same varieties' and can be used to give a scientific proof for protection on the variety right of snap bean.Breeding system is built by many breeding methods breeding strategy for.Youdou in Heilongjiang is discussed in detail.According the relationship of vegetative growth and reproductive growth,building a new 'ideal type' breeding model for climbing snap bean,and a new snap bean variety 'No.8 of Ha snap bean'is bred.Hybridization,back-crossing to improve the pod quality and other trait.'No.5 of Ha snap bean','No.6 of Ha snap bean','No.7 of Ha snap bean'are bred.A new green pod breeding lines HG-12 which tolerance to heat is selected.The creative points of the study are reflected,in two aspects,as follows:SSR markers are first time used to classification of snap bean germplasms in Heilongjiang;Combining the theory and breeding Practice.Four new varieties,'No.5 of Ha snap bean','No.6 of Ha snap bean','No.7 of Ha snap bean' and 'No.8 of Ha snap bean' are bred and the traits of quality, maturity and resistance to disease and high yield are improved.