Study On Key Parts And Holistic Device Of The No-Till Planter Of The Ridge Cropping System In Northeast Area Of China

The drought in Northern-East of China is getting more and more serious and the traditional tillage resulted in a large percentage loss of the soil water. So the Conservation tillage has been promoted by the Government for its effect on society, economy and ecosystem. No-tillage seeding equipment was designed and studied to facilitate the no-tillage production mechanization.This study is part of an innovation project on conservation tillage funded by Chinese Ministry of Agriculture, "Experimental study on technology of conservation tillage ridge production in the cool, windy and sandy area of Northern-east of China. A no-tillage seeder with new residue breaking device, ridge clearing device and guiding device was designed and studied based on the analysis on no-till seeders in China and abroad. The theoretical analysis, computerized simulation and experimental study were carried out on the key components of the machine, and the results and conclusions are as following:1. The residue breaking device and ridge clearing device which can work on thick residue covers were designed by theoretical analysis and calculation. The devices are consisted of residue breaking coulter and a double ridge clearing discs with spiral edge which mounted in front of or behind of the coulter. The devices were authorized a new and applicable patent ZL2004 2 0108155.9 in November, 2005.2. A new device which can guide the machine along the ridge was designed to solve the lateral instability of the seeder for ridge production. The device includes cone guiding wheel and the support, mounted on the machine in pairs. This device was also authorized a new and applicable patent ZL2006 2 0091692.6 in June, 2007.3. A no-till prototyped seeder and an improved prototyped seeder were designed and manufactured and it passed the inspection by Agricultural Mechanization Department, Chinese Ministry of Agriculture in April, 2007.4. Theoretical analysis and computerized simulation on residue breaking mechanism and motion of the rolling disc coulter was carried out for the first time, the main factors which affect the residue breaking velocity of rolling disc coulter were analyzed; the counter-weight of the coulter and the resistance force of residue breaking were determined by lab and field experiments, and the typical application condition of the three types of coulters were specified. The residue breaking mechanism of corrugated coulter and turbine coulter were compared and a dynamic simulation was conducted to the result of the analysis. The results showed that the rolling disc residue breaking coulter was preferred for it' simple structure, reliable residue breaking and well keeping of the ridge shape.5. The pattern and parameters of the ridge clearing device were determined by geometry analysis; the motion of the clearing coulter and its pushing principle to the broken residue were investigated theoretically; the teeth pattern of the ridge clearing coulter was decided through kinematics analysis; the soil penetrating motion of the ridge residue clearing device was studied by computerized simulation. The study results showed that the spiral edge coulter was different with other ridge clearing coulters in that it breaking the residue in the way of cutting and this is good for the conditions with unbroken residues, for it can break and clear the residue at the same time. This is an innovation of the design in avoiding blockage of the no-till seeder, and it has a great application potential in production.6. Most of the no-till seeder has the problem of lateral instability. If the seeder gets off set from the top of the ridge, it can not work properly. The kinematics model was established by theoretical analysis on the seeder and the main factors which affect the stability of the machine were concluded. This can be reference for the design and study of mobile field agricultural machine.7. The models of the main parts of the seeder were established and assemble of the machines was carried out with SolidWorks software of virtual prototype technology. The dynamic simulation, kinematics analysis and finite element analysis on key components of the machine were performed to get a compact structure and reliable strength virtual prototype before physical manufacture. It saves time and decrease the cost and a rapid, high quality and low cost design can be realized.8. Experiments on the seeder were carried out at several fields in Liaoning Province. The results showed that the machine is effective in residue breaking and clearing, it works stable and with soil displacement less than 10% of the ridge body, and it can keep the ridge shape well. The quality of furrow opening and seeding can meet the requirement of agricultural technology.