| The black soil region of Northeast China is one of the most important grain producing area in China,and it is also the region with the greatest potential for grain production in China.Soybean is one of the three major food crops(rice,corn and soybean)in Northeast China,due to the backwardness of its mechanized production technology,it has not formed an industrial scale,resulting in higher production costs.In the northeast region of China,soybean widely adopts ridge tillage,and the downslope ridge tillage in the slope area exacerbates the soil erosion.Therefore,Solving the problems in the development of soybean ridge tillage in the black soil region of Northeast China is very important to reduce the production cost and protect the soil of the cultivated land,and it is also of great significance to improve soybean production and ensure national food security.In order to improve the production competitiveness of soybean in the ridge tillage area,it is necessary to ensure close integration with agronomy in the development of soybean planting equipment with double-row(multi-row)planting technology.Soil compaction is one of the most important steps in the sowing operation,and its quality has an important influences on the growth and development of crops.Designing compact device combined with agronomy is of great significance for improving the quality of soil compaction.At present,in the black soil ridge tillage region of northeast China,a single unit soybean Till-planter is furnished a cylindrical press device which can only compact the top of the ridge during the operation.However,soil compaction is achieved,resulting in loose soil on the ridge side,which has an impact on the physical properties of the seedbed soil,which is not conducive to the emergence of crops and affects the yield.However,in the downslope ridge tillage area,the ridge-side soil is not compacted,which may lead to serious soil erosion when heavy rainfall occurs.Therefore,it is of great significance to develop a compacting device suitable for soybean ridge planting mode in the black soil region of Northeast China.The sliding vibration press device which is a core component for soybean Till-planter studied in this paper.The press device combines vibration compaction and soil extrusion on the ridge side and aims to reduce the weight of the press device?achieve comprehensive compaction of the ridge platform?improve the quality of the soil compaction and reduce the fluctuations in the physical properties of the lateral seedbed soil.It can effectively reduce soil erosion for the downslope ridge tillage area in the black soil region of Northeast China.Through the theoretical analysis of the press device,the main parameters of the pressing structure are determined: the entrance width of the upper press plate is 260~360 mm,the outlet width of the upper press plate is 230~290 mm,and the width of the side press plate is 140~240 mm.The tests in the soil bin was carried out,and the order of the factors influenced performances of the soil bulk density in the upper part of the ridge was get: the angle of the eccentric block,the outlet width of upper plate,and the spring stiffness;the order of the influence of the soil bulk density in the side of the ridge was get: the outlet width of upper plate,the angle of the eccentric block,the spring stiffness.At the same time,the optimal combination of the factors for soil bulk density required to meet crop growth were: the angle of the eccentric block is 72°,the spring stiffness is 22 N/mm,the outlet width of upper plate is 263 mm,and the influence of various factors on the soil bulk density of the ridge was find.Erosion tests were carried out under three rainfall intensities(50,75 and 100 mm/h)and 5° gradients on slopes in soil tanks.Manually constructing the ridge based on the data from the soil compaction of different press devices(conventional press device(CPD)and sliding vibrational press device(SVPD))in the field test to explore the runoff strength and soil erosion rate after soil compaction of different press devices under the downslope ridge tillage.The test results show that when the rainfall intensity is 50 mm/h,the soil erosion is the least due to precipitation,and the soil erosion of SVPD compaction is 55.8% lower than that of CPD.However,with the increase of rainfall intensity,the erosion resistance is weakened.but the soil erosion of SVPD is still less than CPD.From the field experiment,the average soil bulk density of the upper soil of ridge after SVPD and CPD compaction was 1.206 g/cm3 and 1.188 g/cm3,respectively,the average soil bulk density of the side soil of ridge was 1.148 g/cm3 and 0.971 g/cm3,respectively.After SVPD compaction,the soil bulk density of upper and side increased by 1.49% and 18.2%,respectively.While satisfying the agronomic requirements of soil bulk density of ridge crop growth,SVPD also achieved effective compaction of ridge soil.The effects of different press device on the emergence time and emergence rate of soybean(double-row ridge tillage)and corn(single-row ridge tillage)were analyzed.The results showed that the average emergence time of soybean was 0.76 days and 1.57 days shorter than that of elastic press device(EPD)and CPD.The emergence rate of soybean increased by 3.58% and 6.25%,respectively.The average emergence time of corn was respectively After shortening by 0.13 days and 0.26 days,the emergence rate of corn increased by 0.5% and 1.2%,respectively.SVPD has a certain promotion on the growth and development of ridge crops in the black soil region of Northeast China,and has obvious promotion effect on soybean,and also promotes corn,but the promotion effect is limited.The sliding vibrational press device studied in this paper is to solve practical problem in ridge tillage of soybean in the black soil region of Northeast China.On the basis of the close combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy,a comprehensive press mechanism is proposed innovatively,and the vibration motor is actively provided with the exciting force,it can better solve the problems of loose soil on the ridge side and large changes in soil physical properties near the seed bed and large soil erosion on the slope under the double-row ridge tillage technique of soybean in the black soil region of Northeast China.The press structure is novel and the test results are valid,which provides technical support for the emergence and growth of soybean ridge tillage in the black soil region of Northeast China. |
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