Economic Evaluation Of Grassland Ecological Services And Optimization Of Classification Management Mode Based On RS And GIS In Gannan

On the great background of global warming, with the extensive sharp increase of animal husbandry marked as increasing the total penned quantity and the rapid growth of population, the grassland has been excessive overgrazed and plundered on the cost of sacrifice of long term ecological benefit, which will result in the grassland degradation, productivity decrease, and a series of ecological destruction consequences such as biodiversity loss, soil erosion aggravation and regional climate environment deterioration, etc. On the other hand, with the development of social economy and living standard, the grassland is further requested to not only produce massive grass-animal products but also provide sustained commonweal ecological services. This kind of requirement leads to the contradiction between grassland degradation and the rising social demand for grassland changing as the basic contradiction of grassland animal husbandry development at present, which could be coordinated and solved by grassland classification management on the management mode of acquiring the total maximum profit on the basis of one purpose local management. Accordingly, the grassland degradation will be held back and the healthy grassland development will be promoted, which has theoretical value and realistic significance to come true grassland sustained development.On the basis of learning and analyzing existing grassland classification management mode, optimal operation mode was explored, and the integrated calculation of grassland ecological-economical profits was implemented. Meanwhile, on the basis of all these data and proportion of each ecological service value accounting for the total value, the grassland in GanNan prefecture was divided into economical functional area, multi-functional area and ecological functional area by the method of K-Means dynamic cluster analysis, and the optimization of grassland classified management mode was accomplished. Following were the results:(1) The contradiction between grassland degradation and rising demands for animal products was the fundamental cause of grassland classified management, which emergence had social, economical and ecological driving forces. Furthermore, the grassland properties and becoming mature of grassland ecological services calculation methods made the classification management have the realistic feasibility.(2) According to conservative calculation, the total ecological service values in GanNan prefecture was 1617.16X106 RMB/a, and 2.81 times of husbandry output value of GanNan prefecture, which means that grassland in GanNan prefecture has enormous ecological and economical profits. All these results could help us understand the ecological service functions of GanNan grassland, and magnificent water conservation and climate regulation function of grassland in GanNan prefecture could be learned.(3) Using the proportion of ecological service values of different kind of grassland taking account of total value as the classification index, by the method of K-Means dynamic cluster analysis, the value proportion of material production, soil conservation, water conservation and climate regulation in three final class center were as following:(0.2548,0.1442,0.3153,0.2857), (0.4452,0.1506,0.2059, 0.1983), (0.1137,0.1698,0.3251,0.3914). The results showed that there were 12 grassland types belongs to first kind,16 types belongs to second kind and 7 types belongs to the third kind.(4) The results showed that the second material had highest value proportion and lowest other ecological service value proportion; the third material has higher value proportion in soil conservation, water conservation and climate regulation than the first and second kind, while lowest material production value; and the first kind had higher material production value proportion than the first kind whereas lower proportion than the third one. Therefore, the first kind was regarded as economic functional region; the second kind was ecologic functional region and the third as multi-functional region. Among these functional regions in GanNan prefecture, economic functional region had largest area, about 149.20 X 104hm2, accounting for 57.33% of total grassland area, and multi-functional region had second largest area, 90.46 X 104hm2, occupying 34.76% of total area, while the area of ecologic functional region was smallest, about 20.59 X 104hm2, accounting for 7.91% of total grassland area.