The Evaluation Of Ecosystem Service Value And Ecological Compensation Of Alpine Grassland In Qilian County

Grassland ecosystem not only provides human beings with the animal products needed for life, but also supports and maintains the humanity ecological environment. Due to over grazing and the irrational exploitation and utilization of grassland, the grassland ecological environment is deteriorating and the ecological service function is reduced. It not only affects the stockbreeding production and the life of herdsmen seriously, but also threatens the ecological security of the whole area directly. In order to curb the trend of grassland degradation, to restore the grassland ecosystem services, and to coordinate the relationship between economic development and resource environment, reasonable and effective ecological compensation mechanism is needed to establish to maintain the regional economic development and ecological security.The study analyzed the composition of the value of grassland ecosystem services quantitatively by evaluating the ecological service value of alpine grassland in Qilian county. Based on the experience of alpine grassland degradation, the grade of grassland degradation in Qilian county was divided. The loss differences of economic value and ecological value caused by grassland degradation were analyzed. At last, according to the current situation of grassland ecological protection in Qilian county, and the ecological compensation mechanism of grassland in Qilian county was constructed. The results are as follows:(1) In 2013, the total value of grassland ecosystem services in Qilian county was 6.917 billion. The value of three kinds of different grassland ecosystem services from high to low as such sequence:alpine meadow, shrub grassland, alpine grassland. In space, the ecosystem service value of unit area grassland showed the characteristics of southeast high and northwest low. The proportion of the total value of each ecological service value from high to low as such sequence:climate regulation, soil conservation, environment purification, animal production and water conservation. The indirect value of grassland ecosystem was 5.58 times of the direct value.(2) In 2013,the area of the degraded grassland in Qilian county was 361.8 thousand hectares in total, which accounted for 32.56% of the whole grassland area.The grassland degradation was mainly light degradation.In the spatial distribution of grassland degradation, it showed the the mild degraded grassland was mainly concentrated in the southeast of the county, the moderate degraded and severely degraded grassland was distributed in the northwest of county.(3) The total loss of the ecological service value in Qilian county in 2013 was 907 million Yuan and the ecological service value loss was totally about 169 million Yuan. Along with the aggravation of grassland degradation, the loss of ecological service value and economic value of grassland were gradually increasing. In the mild degradation stage, the loss of grassland ecosystem service value was small, and it increased exponentially when come to the moderate and server degradation. Under the assumption that the overload grazing was the only reason for the degradation of alpine grassland, the economic benefit and ecological value loss of overgrazing a sheep unit under the different degradation degree were very different. In light degraded area, the loss of overgrazing a sheep unit was slightly larger than the economic value. However, it obtained economic value at several times costs in the moderate and severe degraded area. Especially that the alpine grassland was in the severe degradation stage, getting a sheep unit will cause 23.43 times loss of the value, and the economic value obtained from overgrazing was much less than the ecological service value of alpine grassland as ecological barrier.(4) The ecological compensation of alpine grassland in Qilian county was studied from the main body, object, compensation range, compensation standards and method, and system guarantee of ecological compensation. Then the operation system of ecological compensation of alpine grassland in Qilian county was established. The main body of ecological compensation in Qilian county was the central government, local governments at all levels, residents and local governments in the middle and lower reaches of Heihe River and local industrial and mining enterprise which developed and utilized grassland resources. The object of compensation was the herdsmen who were unable to obtain the economic value of animal husbandry due to the loss of grassland production, and the Qilian government whose local economies and industries were limited due to the grassland ecological protection and construction. Took the degraded grassland area as the scope of compensation, the measures for reducing the livestock was implemented in the mild degradation area, and no grazing in the moderate and severe degradation area. And calculated the ecological compensation standard of the county based on the opportunity cost and the law of ecological protection construction, reduction of animal production, conservation area and grazing prohibition conservation area respectively needs 495 million yuan,179 million yuan and 874 million yuan. Mainly based on the government compensation and partially based on the market, and through the system guarantee of legal protection, supervision and performance evaluation, to establish a grassland ecological compensation mechanism based on government departments, pastoralists, industrial and mining enterprises, government supervision institutions, and ecological assessment agencies which called'five-in-one' and to improve the constraint reward and punishment mechanism of grassland ecological compensation, in order to promote the implementation of ecological compensation projects.