| Research Objective:Lu Yuan-Lei was an important doctor of Traditional Chinese medicine in the early period of Republic of China, whose theory was classified as the "medical school of classical prescriptions". Because of interesting in integrative medicine intended to combine TCM with Western medicine, he advocated "scientific connotation of TCM, Chinese style of Western medicine" and therefore was regarded as the important physician of the "school of integrative medicine".Lu Yuan-Lei was known for his application of classical prescriptions, especially good at the treatment of various spleen and stomach diseases. Hence, Lu Yuan-Lei’s respected academic position in the Chinese medicine profession has long been affirmed.To further explore the academic thoughts and the aspects of application of Lu Yuan-Lei centered on the principles and strategies of Aconite exploited by Zhang Zhongjing. In addition, to further investigate the academic thoughts and the aspects of clinical treatments of Lu Yuan-Lei focused on hemorrhage syndrome.Lu Yuan-Lei, Cao Ying-Fu, and Yu Wu-Yan were the "three masters of classical prescriptions" at the time. However, according to author’s collecting relevant academic literature of Lu Yuan-Lei, it explicitly proved that the research works is in the state of shortage. The purpose of the dissertation is to further explore both the academic thoughts and clinical experience of Lu Yuan-Lei with systematic research on how classical prescriptions are modified for varied and severe diseases and dosage control strategies in order to rescue people in dangerous.Research Method:There are many academic books written by Lu Yuan-Lei, however some of them are not published yet until now. From his research on abundant classical books of Traditional Chinese medicine specialized in Shang Han Lun, he wrote the representative theoretical book known as Shang Han Lun Jin Shi and Jing Kui Yao Lue Jin Shi. During the period from 1928 to 1931, he had assiduously written these two books. The highly condensed compilation of personal clinical experience named Lu Yuan-Lei’s medical records was published recently in 2010.The study of this dissertation intends to deeply explore both the academic thoughts of Lu Yuan-Lei and the clinical experience on how the prescriptions and herbs he applied via the way of qualitative methods. In the first part, according to the works written by Lu Yuan-Lei, the essence of the academic thoughts and syndrome differentiation and treatment which provided theoretical support and analysis are discussed.According to study directly the crucial works by Lu Yuan-Lei, Shang Han Lun Jin Shi and Jing Kui Yao Lue Jin Shi, the scientific analysis and comparison on the contents of Shang Han Lun related to Aconite are concentrated discussed and investigated. In addition, according to study straightly the compilation of medical records of Lu Yuan-Lei and his academic works, the scientific explanation toward the therapeutic methods for hemorrhage syndrome and especially both the theoretical thoughts and the clinical experience of hemoptysis and hematochezia are discussed and concluded.The fifty frequently used Chinese drugs (TOP 50 Drugs) chosen by studying team are the other part of the research objects. In the second part, the dosage features of prescriptions on medical records of Lu Yuan-Lei will be studied by analytical statistics.In statistics, the prescriptions are only selected these decoctions which the decocting method is boiling by water. There are 240 formulas satisfied with the requirement. A total of 205 drugs are used of the formulas selected, while there are 52 drugs belonged to Top 50 Drugs.Research Results:Lu Yuan-Lei concluded that the three major principles of Aconite have employed by Zhang Zhongjing. The medical properties of Aconite have been discoursed with scientific survey. Also, there are comparison of how different classical prescriptions have been used with rural Aconite and processed Aconite. In addition, the strategies of the amount of dosage of processed Aconite are focused by the means of comparative classical formulas. Furthermore, the boarder experienced verifications for Aconite with theoretical illustration on the different syndromes mentioned by Lu Yuan-Lei, such as edema due to Yang-deficiency and Tao Hua Decoction attached to Aconite, are fully demonstrated.In addition, Lu Yuan-Lei concluded the three major principles of healing hemorrhage syndrome. To emphasize the importance of patients with sufficient healthy qi inside as well as to make well use of Bupleurum based on syndrome differentiation in the clinical treatments. In addition, with the caution of stopping bleeding without blood stagnation, from our survey, there are three frequently used pair of drugs specialized for hemostasis in the medical records of Lu Yuan-Lei. Furthermore, Lu Yuan-Lei demonstrated three distinguished opinions in the examination of enterorrhagia, to apply Huang Tu Decoction deliberately for the clinical treatment of hematochezia.To establish the Excel table processing function and basic statistical methods, we acquire the data and information of the occurrence frequency, the minimum dosage, the maximum dosage, the average dosage, the most frequently used dosage, and the distribution extent from the minimum to the maximal dosage of the fifty Chinese drugs (TOP 50 Drugs) on medical records of Lu Yuan-Lei. Moreover, the total weight of the descriptions and the total number of drugs used in the descriptions are also obtained in statistics.From statistical analysis of the study, the highest frequency of drug use is Glycyrrhiza uralensis to be occurred 149 times, and the following drug is Paeonia lactiflora Pall to be occurred 146 times. There are four drugs to be equaled as 30g as the maximum dosage of drug use, including Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch, Astragalus membranaceus, Ostrea gigas Thunberg, and Ziziphus jujuba Mill. On the contrary, the minimum dosage of drug use is 0.9 g for Coptis chinensis Franch.The average dosages of drug use are mostly below 15g. Besides, the distribution extent from the minimum to the maximal dosage of the fifty Chinese drugs in Shanghan Zabing Lun (Treatise on Cold Pathogenic and other Diseases) (TOP 50 Drugs) is mostly located between 5g-10g, counted as 21 kinds of drugs, almost half of 50. The highest occurred dosage of the most frequently used dosages of the fifty commonly used Chinese drugs (TOP 50 Drugs) is 9g for 12 kinds of drugs, followed by 12g for 10 different drugs.The most frequently used dosages of TOP 50 Drugs are largely existed in the dosage range of 2010 edition national pharmacopoeia and Chinese Pharmacy textbooks, while only 3 drugs of them are beyond the extent. Hence, the ratio of the comparison would be over one, which are Pinellia ternata Breit, Alisma orientalis Juzep, and Prumus persica Batsch. For the ration equals to 1, there are 5 drugs of them.According to statistics of the number of prescriptions on medical records by Lu Yuan-Lei, for the number of drugs consisted in prescriptions, we conclude that the consisted number mostly located in 11-12 in 240 counted valid decoctions. The total number of these prescriptions is 113, therefore the ration is nearly 47.1%, almost half of the total prescriptions. For the net weight of prescriptions are mostly located and centered in the range of 70g-100g. There are 114 prescriptions and the ratio of the net weight of prescriptions is 47.5%.Conclusion:Based on the attempt of scientific connotation of TCM, the accumulative academic thoughts and verified treatments of Aconite raised by Lu Yuan-Lei have profound instructions for the benefit of posterity. In addition, the valuable academic inspiration and clinical treatments of hemorrhage syndrome proposed by Lu Yuan-Lei can be meditated and preached. Besides, his academic viewpoints of scientific connotation of TCM are obviously prominent in the contents.Lu Yuan-Lei’s medical records, the collection of personal clinical experience, includes the medical records written by Lu Yuan-Lei. The content of medical records has both commonly encountered diseases and severe diseases and critical syndrome. The characteristic of treatment is represented by modifying classical prescriptions in principle.In the aspects of drug use, the dosage of drugs in the circumstances of commonly encountered diseases is in normal and common amount. While the diseases were severe and dangerous, the dosage of drugs is dramatically in large amount beyond the limit of dosage range recommended in 2010 edition national pharmacopoeia and Chinese Pharmacy textbooks.The study indicates that one of the major characteristics of clinical experience is to deliberately exploit the heat-warming method and purgation for specialized toxic material method in various pathogenic conditions. According to the related statistics in our study, the maximum amount of dosage of both Aconite and Bupleurum has occurred in the treatment of seasonal febrile diseases of damp-thermosis diseases and pulmonary tuberculosis diseases on the medical records.
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