| The endometrium is unique as one of the few tissues into which an embryo will not attach and grow, except for a narrow period of endometrial receptivity called "window" of implantation. Endometrial receptivity formed basis on the contraception medicine research in 50's year. With the research focus on the signal translating between the cells in 90's year, it's possible to promote implantation mechanism studies on the steroid-regulation molecular markers.15-20 percents of infertility refer to unexplained infertility for those couples remain indefinite cause for infertility, after system evaluation. Recent studies on the factors of periimplantation suggested that the disturbance of the endometrial modulator factors resulting in failed or defective embryo implantation is a mechanism that may account for the unexplained infertility.In the human endometrium, mRNA for IGFs is expressed during the menstrual cycle. It is believed that IGFs probably play an important role at the tissue and cellular level through autocrine and/or paracrine mechanism. There is substantial evidence that IGFs are involved in proliferation, differentiation and metabolism of endometrium, and in the implantation of embryo. Specially, IGF-1 mRNA is substantially higher during the proliferative than thesecretory phase, whereas the converse is true for IGF- II mRNA. IGF- II mRNA is abundant in mid-late secretory endometrium and most locate in the implantation site so that it is believed to be important in endometrial development during the decidualization of stromal cell and in the process of implantation. IGF- II mRNA is also expressed in the columns of the intermediate (invading) trophoblasts in the anchoring villi with greatest levels expressed at the invading front suggesting a role for IGF- II in trophoblast invasion.The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent enzymes that are important for tissue remodeling processes by degrading components of the extracellular matrix, basement membrane and interstitial matrix. MMP-9 is a 92 kDa gelatinase enzyme that expressed in endometrium and degrades components of the extracellular matrix and basement membrane components, specifically, collagens IV and V. In addition, the focal staining for MMP-9 observed in epithelial cell during days 18-20 suggests that MMP-9 might contribution to blastocyst implantation. The regulation of MMPs is not well understood butmay be controlled by transcription level, post transcription level, proteases and tissueinhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). All factors are regulated by enzymes, hormone, growth factors and medicines. The relationship of the endometrial IGF- II and MMP-9 of unexplained infertility has not been reported so far.There is few efficient treatment with unexplained infertility for its indefinite causes. Chinese Traditional Medicine is often used to dealing with infertility. The effects of Yangjing Zhongyu Decoction (YJZYD) might benefit to the progress of decidualization and implantation.In the present study, 16 patients with the diagnosis of unexplained infertility were designed to the study group. 15 women with normal fertility were selected as fertility controls. We analysed the different expression of biomarks on endometrium of midluteal phase comprehensively by comparison of IGF- II, IGF-1 R , IGF- IIR, MMP-9, TIMP-1, ER, PRmRNA with in situ hybridization (ISH) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The serum level of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) of the study group, control group and after the administration of YJZYD were detected.The effects of various concentrations of 17-3 estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), or E2 plus P on primary culture cells of endometrium were studied by comparison of IGF- II, IGF-1 R, IGF- II R, MMP-9, TIMP-lmRNA with in situ hybridization and RT-PCR.Part I : Clinical Studies on the Expression of IGF- II and MMP-9 mRNA in the Endometrium of Unexplained Infertility and Their Steroid RegulationTo investigate the different...
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