| Helicobacter pylori (Hp) was initially discovered as a sort of important pathogen by two Australian physicians—Marshall and Warren, in 1983. As an infectious cause of peptic ulcer disease, Hp exists in a large proportion of people and the positive rate of Hp infection in population is about 60%. Following discovery of its causative role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease, several studies implicated Hp infection is important to the pathogenesis of such dieases as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma.ITP is a frequent bleeding disease with incidence being 1:10000 in population. ITP is a kind of auto-immune disease and its pathogenesis in some cases is related with biological factors, such as some bacteria or virus infection. In 1998, Gasbarrini et al first reported a substantial increase in the platelet count in 8 Hp-positive adults with ITP after whose Hp had been eradicated. Subsequent uncontrolled studies in Italy and Japan all showed an apparently high prevalence of Hp in patients with ITP. Many Hp-positive patients with ITP achieved a partial or complete platelet recovery after Hp eradication. These studies all show that Hp infection plays an important role in the pathgenesis of ITP. But Jarque and Michel reported respectively that Hp infection was not related with the pathgenesis of ITP. Does Hp infection play an important role in the pathgenesis of ITP really or not? And how does Hp infection cause destruction of platelets?—it's still unknown.Urease produced by Hp is an crucial factor resulting in many related diseases. Currently, there have been two kinds of assays for diagnosis of Hp infection—invasive assays (including RUT, PCR and tissue culture assay) and non-invasive assays (including serological assays , urea breath test C13 or C14 and Hp stool antigen test). Because of some defects on these assays, it needs to establish a novel non-invasive...
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