Investigation Of The Gene Expression Of Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) 4,5,6,7 In Bone Fracture And Bone Diseases

Bone is a unique dynamic vertebrate tissue which remodels and repairs itself throughout life. It is different not only in texture and shape, but also in healing process from other tissues, as epithelium, muscle and nerve. After injury, the injured tissues always leaves a scar. The bone healing process normally unites fractures, arthrodeses, osteotomies and bone grafting operations without scarring. The growth factors found in bone might be responsible for the unique healing pattern of bone. Among the growth factors, bone morphogenetic proteins are widely investigated because of their capacity of inducing new bone formation in soft tissue by the way of endochondral ossification and intramembranous ossification.For many years, attempts were made to purify and identify the BMPs in decalcified bone matrix and osteosarcoma from a variety of animals and human. Recently, seven BMPs and two OPs (osteogenic proteins) genes have been cloned. Recombinant products of human BMP1 through BMP7 are now available. Of these, human BMP2,4,5,7 have induced ectopic cartilage and bone formation in situ when implanted in soft tissues.