Regulatory Mechanism In Osteoinduction By Combined Use Of RhBMP-2, TGF-β, BFGF

Osteoinduction and osteogenesis are complicated and continuous processes. A large number of bone growth factors may participate in the regulation of metabolism of bone and cartilage at different stages. They serve as local regulatory factors to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of various bone and cartilage cells and the synthesis and the degradation of bone and cartilage matrix by means of autocrine or (and) paracrine mechanisms. Bone growth factors such as BMP have been the focus explored in orthopaedics after osteoinduction developed by Urist in the 1960s. BMP, TGF-β and bFGF are three important bone growth factors. It is well known that BMP can induce undifferentiated mesenchymal cells into cartilage and bone irreversibly, resulting in new bone formation, but BMP is only an initiator of osteogenesis and can not further promote the proliferation of differentiated osteoblasts, osteocytes and chondrocytes. However, the proliferation and differentiation of these cells can be further promoted by other bone growth factors. TGF-β, a mutifunctional polypeptides, has the ability to stimulate proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal cells, to promote proliferation of osteoblasts, chondroblasts and extracellular matrix synthesis, and to inhibit the formation and...