| 1. Reasons and objectives of the researchIt is generally believed that the lung has the same name and essence in the TCM as in the western medicine by comparing the two cognition systems, that is, Zang-fu organs and the dissection physiology. They correspond in the physiological function and the pathological changes. However, since the former depends on observation, analogy and inference, its explanation is simply and abstract, so, it locates the lung physiological function and the pathological changes in the validity of breath process whereas the latter depends on dissection and microscopic analysis, which refines its presentation concretely, and, it locates the lung physiological and pathology in the spatial structure and the chemical reaction which forms the breath movement. Therefore, in their cognition and application process, people often ignore the physiology and pathology of the lung of ZangXiang theory and instruct consciously or not the Chinese medicine clinics with the dissection, physiology, etiology and pathology. This is a disadvantage to the symptoms differentiation of Chinese medicine. Dispersing function is one of the basic movement modes of the lung qi. It is always ignored in the research of ZangXiang theories. In recent years, our topic team in the foundation of the research about the exogenous etiological factors and Weiqi theory have made our efforts to deduce "the lung dominating dispersing" (LDD) theoretically, expounded its concept, connotation, the relations with the descending function of lung qi, the concrete appearance of its physiology and pathology, and further, discussed its pathological and physiological essence to display its clinical instruction function effectively. The thorough study about the theory of LDD, for applying the theory of Weiqi, expounding the pathology of the Taiyang disease in ShanghanLun and the mechanism of Weifen syndrome in WenBing, instructing to treat various kinds of diseases such as allergy and immunity dysfunction, preventing and curing the century sickness and civil diseases which causedby the abnormal changing of environment, climate, life style and rhythm of life, it has the profound significance in these areas.We can know from the massive research that the climate and environmental factors play an important role in disease occurrence and its developing process. Viewing from the modern medicine, too higher or too lower air temperature can be a kind of stressor which causes the human body to occur stress reaction, such as the abnormal functions of the body fluid, the nerve, the internal secretion and so on. In recent years, studies show that free radical and the cell factor are hot spots. Respect to the theory of TCM, the six natural factors including wind, cold, summer heat, damp, dryness should have two conditions to transform themselves into six exogenous pathogenic factors, that is, they are hyperactive or inferior to normal and the healthy energy of human body is insufficient. "When the healthy energy is sufficient in body, the evil factors cannot invade;the evil factors infested, healthy energy is must insufficient. " This topic embarks from the thinking mode of TCM, it expounds the dispersing function of the lung qi in the concept and connotation, the pathology and physiology, summarize its clinical application and its regularity, Simulate the pathological state in the animal experiment which the human exterior syndrome with abnormal of LDD, discuss its path-physiology foundation, compare effect and the mechanism of action with the commonly used three principles of TCM, service for clinical applying the theory of LDD. 2. Research methods (l)Theoretical research methodsBy analyzing the correlation literature and the clinical material, Combining the related explanation in the present teaching material, we try to elucidate and deduce comprehensively the concept and physiological connotation of LDD, summarize various cognitions of it and the relationship between the dispersing and descending functions of the lung, expound the pathological changes, the relations between dispersing and descending function of the lung, summarize its clinical application regularity and present the situation of its experimental study, complete preparatory work in the earlier period for the further experimental study. (2)Experimental research methodsAccording to our research results of many years, the abnormal of LDD is the main pathogenesis of exogenous diseases. Cold in the environmental factors can easily causes exterior syndrome when the dispersing function of the lungis abnormal, that is to say, when the human body healthy energy is deficient. Therefore, we select Ephedrae Decoction, the Chinese herbs which has the function of sweating to create the mice lung qi to be weak, subsequently, continue to use the cold environment to stimulate, duplicates the comparison to conform to the exogenous syndrome animal model, to observe mice' behavior, their body weight, the perspiration, the anus temperature and so on, also, we observe the lung, the chest gland, the spleen, the kidney index as well as the blood serum free radical metabolism target SOD, MDA, the cell factor IL-2 level, and, observe mice lung, chest gland, spleen, kidney' s microstructure and lung ultra-structure. Finally, totally discuss the pathological mechanism of the dispersing function of the lung being abnormal and the intervention function of the three therapy methods, warm-pungent diaphoresis(WPD), cold-pungent diaphoresis(CPD) and tonifying-Weiqi diaphoresis(TWD). 3 Research results (l)Theoretical research resultsA. The theory of LDD, the source in Neijing, originated in the book "Peaceful Saint Benefit Side" of Song Dynasty, and is cleared about in the modern age, the theory occurred not purely by philosophy theory' s osmosis result, but is the result which speculates in the foundation of massive clinical experiences.B. Proclaimed the new explanation about the connotation to LDD. LDD includes penetrating Weiqi, hosting skin and fur (warming and nourishing body surface, defense exogenous evil, adjusting sweat pore to open and close, regulating body fluids excretion, affect sleep), scattering nutritive material, nourishing nasal cavities, coordinating breath, assisting pronunciation, converging hundred of blood vessels, helping the heart to convey blood these four aspects. Penetrating Weiqi is the most important physiological function of the lung.C. Proclaimed the pathology to LDD on the full-scale, LDD abnormally manifest two kinds of pathology: dispersing function disorder which caused by exogenous pathogenic factors infestation and the dispersing function depression which is as the result of the lung qi weakness, mainly included, dispersing Weiqi function disturbance, weakened Weiqi, skin and fur pathological changes, also included symptoms of upper respiratory tractinfection, for instance: chills, nasal obstruction, nasal discharge, sneeze, sore throat, cough, fever, dermatosis, etc.D. Explored the new relations with the dispersing and the descending of the lung qi. These two were the different movement processes of the lung qi, which generated the lung other physiological functions. Elaborated their relations: In the physiology they promoted mutually and in the pathology affects each other, in the different disease and the disease different stage, they had the primary and secondary division, in the treatment emphasized dispersing lungs does not forget to descending the lung and descending lung not to forget to dispersing lung, distinguished clearly two things had their orders of priority, treated by differentiation of syndromes.E. Summarized the application of LDD in the clinical practice;Combining with dispersing the lungs can cure in exogenous diseases, cough and asthma, pharynx and larynx pathological changes, the aphonia, the aural orifice pathological changes, dispersing the lungs can also use in coronary heart disease and angina pectoris by the blood stasis, many kind of allergy symptoms, acute nephritis, urinary retention, urinary system infection, multi-perspiration, the spontaneous sweating, recurrent respiratory infection, skin diseases, etc. Summarized the announcements when using this therapeutic method.F. Summarized the correlation experimental study recent years to carry on LDD, mainly concentrated in Weiqi defensive function research, has discussed the relations with Weiqi and the immunity, the mechanism of its defensive function.(2)ExperimentaI research resultsA. Model mice appear roll up, the peaked fur, the arched back, calmly lies, huddle together, the diet reduce, loose sedes, the perspiration reduce, the body weight drop, rectal temperature rise higher and so on, which are similar to exterior syndrome due to wind-cold and disorder of dispersing function.B.The model mice's lung index raised, the chest gland index droped, the spleen index and the kidney index did not have the obvious change.C. Model mice's lungs showed the mild impairment appearance, the chest gland withers, the kidney, the spleen also have the more mild damage.D. Model mice peripheral blood SOD level droped, the MDA level elevated.E. Model mice peripheral blood IL-2 level droped.F. Three treatments had different effective to the model mice. To the modelmice weight, the Jade Screen Powder (JSP) the obvious increased mice weight, the Ephedrae Decoction (ED) was next, Lonicerae and Forsythiae Powder (LFP) suppressed mice weight growth;To model mice anus rectal temperature: Three treatments reduced the model mice rectal temperature, the ED may remarkably reduce the model mice temperature, it was near to normal, the JSP was next, the LFP was next again. In the aspect of influence, which secreted to the model mice voix pedis sweat gland (VPSG), three methods promoted the model mice VPSG secretion, the ED perspiration function strongly, to be stronger obviously than the JSP and the LFP. To model mice lung index, chest gland index, spleen index, kidney index: Three all may reduce the model mice's lung index, the JSP also may remarkably enhance the chest gland index;The ED and the JSP may enhance the spleen index, reduce the kidney index, the LFP had a tendency that reduced the spleen index and increases kidney index. To model mice oxradical metabolism: The ED and the JSP may raise the SOD level, reduce the MDA level, the JSP had the most conspicuous action, but the LFP didn' t have the obvious function. To model mice IL-2 influence: Three treatments raised the model mice' s IL-2 level, ASP' s function was most obvious, the ED was next, the LFP didn' t have obvious function;its IL-2 level was near to the model group. To lung, chest gland, spleen, kidney microstructure: The JSP and the ED may improve the lung, the chest gland, the spleen and the kidney pathological shape, this function showed remarkably by the JSP, the LFP didn' t have the obvious function, even had the side effect to aggravate the pathology. 4. Conclusions(l)The theory of LDD origin from The Medical Classic Of the Emperor, its connotation and the pathology has been undefined, its application sees here and there in the clinical reports, it is necessary to carry on the systematical literature research. In the research process, we feels deeply that lung is compared as the Chinese medicine ZangXiang theory with the western medicine respiratory system, it is same from the dissection, but its function has remarkable difference. LDD has covered breath, immunity, circulation, internal secretion, uropoiesis, nerve system some functions in fact. It has the benefit for us to inherited and develop the TCM that we use modern science and technique methods to study Chinese medicine terminology, viewpoint, theor/ scientific connotation and their essence,(2)From the experimental result inquired into LDD the path-phys^o^bgyessence, we can draw the following conclusions:A. Oxradical damage is one of patho-physiology foundations for the LDD.B. Cellular immunity function is suppressed or decreased is another path-physiology foundation for the LDD.C. It may extrapolate that, Xin-warm dispersing lung and the tonify-Weiqi dispersing lung has roles in anti-oxidizing reaction and enhancing organism immunity function, Xin-cool dispersing the lung does not have the obvious function. It illustrates that applying the theory of the LDD must be according to differentiation of symptoms and signs.D. From the theoretical, the clinical material and the experiment showed clearly: The reasonable application of LDD was the effective way to maintain organism immunity function, cure the respiratory tract infectious disease in the early stage and prevent the serious complication.5. Innovation points(1)Expounded the connotation of the LDD: maintenances upper respiratory tract clean and penetrates the Weiqi to the body surface, and the two have close relation in physiology and pathology.(2) By the Chinese medicine theory traditional understanding and the clinical practice experience primarily, incorporating animal experimental test, we systematically deducted the path-physiological essence which the LDD is.(3) Regarded dispersing and descending as physiological and pathological changes dynamic process in the lung qi movement, expounded the imbalance between dispersing and descending of the lung qi was the Chinese medicine basic pathogenesis for the pulmonary system diseases.(4)Revealed the validity and the mechanism that dispersing lung therapeutic method treated exogenous diseases and the respiratory system infection earlier period, prompted the great significance to prevent serious complication of this kind of pathological changes.(5)Proclaimed the new studying mentalities and the new pathways for ZangXiang organs physiology and pathology by studying the LDD.6. Future prospectsIn this research foundation, we should continue thoroughly to discuss the relations and the essence on the meridian of foot taiyang with the lung qi dispersing and the Weiqi movement, unearth Shanghan and Wenbing diseasesnumerous experience, impel new approaches from the Chinese medicine academic understanding to prevent and cure the SARS, bird flu and so on the respiratory tract infectious diseases which have seriously threatened the human health.
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