A Study On The Selectivity Related To Modern Chinese Nouns

Noun is the biggest category in number among parts of speech, and it is also the most significant category in grammar importance. In the early stage of the Chinese noun studies, researchers mainly focused on categorization of Chinese words.This article is based on researches on nouns and noun phrases, and will analyze features of nouns and their interactions with other categories. This article will adopt fundamental methods and theories of structural linguistics, and describe nouns from aspects as syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. It will try to explain relevant phenomena appropriately, as well as integrate explanation and description together, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis together. It will observe the form with the meaning, and will explain the meaning with the form. Structural linguistics is derived from theory of signals proposed by Saussure. The methods and theories we adopted here includes cognitive linguistics, three dimensional theory, prototype theory, theory of reference, and so forth. It will analyze syntactic structure in perspective of semantics, and try to find out principles for semantic collocation and pragmatic features.This article will not discuss all issues concerning nouns, instead, it will apply contemporary Chinese linguistic theoretic structure, and methods from formal syntax, and mainly discuss several key concepts and subsequently propose reasonable solutions.The first chapter is an introduction, which explains the significance of the subject and relevant researches from China and abroad. After revising multiple relevant researches, we illuminate significant theory and practical value of researches on nouns and their relevant collocations. It briefly describes this article?s objective, and its current research status, research methods and corpus resource, and finally explained the structure of this article. This article describes collocations between nouns and nouns, nouns and prepositions, nouns and quantifiers, nouns and verbs, nouns and adverbs, nouns and localizes, etc.Chapter two investigates the definition of nouns,three methods to classify its sub-categories;量化名词、非量化名词、无量名词;their syntactic and semantic features,as well as their internal characteristics concerning time,space and degree,etc.Concepts and forms of名词的选择性短语,and at last this article will discuss syntactic function and referentiality of nouns.Chapter three discusses collocations between nouns and nouns, specifically, the “N1+(的)+N2”structure of contemporary Chinese. It mainly discusses the syntactic structure of “N1+(的)+N2”, as well as its semantic types(appositive structure; modifier-head structure; subject-predicate structure; and compound structure); features of abstract nouns and nouns.Chapter 4 investigates collocations between nouns and prepositions. It illustrates properties, features, and functions of prepositions, and syntactic analysis of prepositions, the structure of preposition and noun phrases. It also discusses those nouns who are not suitable for these structures, and the constructional meaning of “在X中”structure.Chapter Five investigates collocations between nouns and quantifiers. This is the most frequent combination among noun structures. This article mainly pays attention on the syntagmatic relation between nouns and quantifiers. It analyze and explain causes, reasons, and mechanisms that influences the collocation between nouns and quatifiers, and subsequently try to find out the inner principle of noun and quantifier combinations. It also discusses the interactive restriction between nouns and quantifiers,Chapter Six investigates allocations between nouns and verbs. It discusses phrases combined by nouns and verbs,and analyzes six types of phrases composed by nouns and verbs : N+V 、 V+N 、 V 的 N 、 N1 +( 的)+N2 、 N+的 +V 、(V+N1)+N2, etc. Their collocations are confined by the syntactic and semantic relation of their components. Consequently, the correlation between their grammatical form and grammatical meaning is the main problem that we will solve.Chapter Seven investigates allocations between nouns and localizers.There are monosyllable localizers and multisyllable localizers,whereas this article will study localizers as“上、下”.localizers are a specific part of speech which is functionally similar as function words,and can be syntactic elements only when it appears together with nouns.It mainly focus on syntactic function of localizers;their features in syntactic positions;as well as人体名词and“上、下”structure.Chapter 8 investigates the combination of nouns and adverbs. Degree adverbs is a category of verbs, so adverbs’ modifying of nouns contains the issue of degree adverbs’ modifying of nouns. the structure of "degree adverbs + nouns" as a newly observed linguistic phenomenon, and due to the economical priciple of linguistic utilization, it follows existing rules.Chapter 9 summerizes all issues discussed above, summerizes the main problems covered by this thesis, and points out the disadvantages in it and the future perception of further research.