A Study Of The Phenomenology Of Zhao Qi 's Spring And Autumn Annals

Zhao Fang(1319-1369),was famous Confucian and scholar on Spring and Autumn in the end of Yuan dynasty. He was a representative personage of “classic interpretation with instance” in the history of Spring and Autumn theory. He not only constructed an accurate theory of ideology and instance on Spring and Autumn centered on “historical instance” and “modified ideology”, but also narrated Spring and Autumn with systematic theory of ideology and instance, and formed unique textualism system featuring “classic interpretation with instance” consequently. During his whole life, Zhao Fang’ scholarly achievement mainly reflected in the field of Spring and Autumn theory. Moreover, his theory of ideology and instance on Spring and Autumn are the foundation and concentrated reflection of his Spring and Autumn theory. Therefore, we can not only comprehensively realized Zhao Fang’ Spring and Autumn theory with its value, deepened holistic understanding of Zhao Fang’ thought of Spring and Autumn theory and Confucian classics but also contributed to academic studies on the writing methodology and theory of Spring and Autumn, by means of discussing on his theory of ideology and instance and get his ideas on Spring and Autumn theory into shape. This dissertation starting from Zhao Fang’ construction of classic interpretation systemthemed his classical methodology of hermeneutics in theory of ideology and instance on Spring and Autumn, followed his sequence of thought, and discussed concrete content and structural system of his theory of ideology and instance.Zhao Fang’ ideas for pursuing studies on Spring and Autumn, originated from thinking and feeling of Huang Ze’s Shi Shuo. Zhao Fang’ Spring and Autumn theory introduced ideology and instance on Spring and Autumn, resulted in discrimination on pragmatism of the Saints. It inherited Shi Shuo and comprehend, followed Mr Tsuo and combined Song doctrine with Han doctrine. It not only has significant academic value, but also deeply affected later generations. On the basis of inheriting Shi Shuo,Zhao Fang explicitly and systematically put forward that narration on Spring and Autumn should depend on discriminating “historical methodology” and “Confucian classics”, by understanding Mencius’ “case-expressing” on Spring and Autumn and “arranging facts with the appropriate words and expressions” on The Book of Rites. At the very beginning, he expounded fifteen “historical instance” as the foundation and starting point of Spring and Autumn methodology(methodology of the Saints); in the meantime, he put forward eight “modified ideology” as program and subject of theory of ideology and instance on Spring and Autumn, on the basis of discriminating merits and demerits of three commentaries on Spring and Autumn and the ancient philosophers, and summarized more than 540 ideologies and instances which generalized Spring and Autumn classify. Therefore, Zhao Fang formed an accurate theory system of ideology and instance on Spring and Autumn centered on “historical instance” and “modified ideology”. Under this theory system, itwas distinct between History of Lu and Spring and Autumn, history and classics, historical methodology and Confucian classics.Zhao Fang’ “historical instance” and “modified ideology” are associated and unified. They constitute the unique, integrated and rigorous theory system of ideology and instance on Spring and Autumn. Definiteness of “historical instance” is the premise of deliberation of “modified ideology”, however, “modified ideology” can be revealed only by discrimination of “historical instance”. In the meantime, not only “historical instance” but also “modified ideology”, which reflect official history writing style, embody the theory of Confucius. During “modification”, Confucius referenced historical instance as his own instance, selected historical ideology as his own ideology, contained pragmatism by recording ancient history, and translated historical instance and ideology into classical instance and ideology, what are called “Confucius’ selection is the instance of the Saints” and “the Saints’ recording is Confucian classics”. Therefore, Confucius’ Spring and Autumn characterized by the style of official history and created by the Saints’ ideology in fact. Spring and Autumn, which modified by Confucius, is not “history” but “classics”. Discrimination and demonstration internal relation between “historical methodology” and “Confucian classics” is just one of internal theme and fundamental purpose of Zhao Fang’ theory of ideology and instance on Spring and Autumn.The concept of “modified ideology”, as the program and subject of Zhao Fang’ theory of ideology and instance on Spring and Autumn, include three correlative level: First, “keeping historical instance” and “obeying author’s diction”. During this level, Confucius followed official historical instance and ancient historical records of Lu, didn’t modify but record core content. Second, “executing by modifying” and “expressing by changing”, “distinguishing concept and entity”, “treating discrimination at home and abroad carefully”, “rectifying by modified ideology”. “Executing by modifying” is the leader of later four ones, meanwhile, the later four ones are gradually progressive. It is the part that Confucius transformed official historical style and ancient historical records of Lu with additionandreduction and “expressing by changing”. Third, “classifying by timeline specificity”. Confucius’ writing instance of “timeline specificity”, do not only follow facts, but also modify by addition and reduction. So, it could comprehend the whole classics and reveal hidden meaning of Spring and Autumn. It is relative independent and inherent connect among these three levels and eight ideology. Those 540 ideologies and instances, which summarized by Zhao Fang, keep to facts, pay attention to textual research, mix classics and history in terms of each other. It is totally different to the eisegesis, who explain classics with meaning.Zhao Fang’ theory of ideology and instance on Spring and Autumn, is inheritance and development on the basis of predecessor’ theory. It is characterized by synthetic system, precise ideology and instance, “classics” and “history” evidenced each other, and unification of “ideology” and “instance”. The ultimate purpose of discussing ideology and instance on Spring and Autumn is constructing an accurate textualism system on Spring and Autumn, which can reveal pragmatism in Confucius’ Spring and Autumn. Therefore, his theory of ideology and instance did not only provide specific methodology for interpreting Spring and Autumn, but also form his own systematic theory feature of Spring and Autumn of “classic interpretation with instance” as a whole. It is significant that the establishment of textualism system on theory of ideology and instance on Spring and Autumn provided an example for classics interpretation or narration and a reference of concept and method for classic textual explanation. the most value and contribution of Zhao Fang’ theory of ideology and instance on Spring and Autumn are the “classics” and “history” of integration, mutual evidence, textual research and the classic research line from the Commentary of Zuo to Spring and Autumn, from history textual research to classic discrimination and the classic concept of correcting drawback of classic research without historical commentary, classic narration with rhetoric words, eisegesis. It is also significant for the enlightenment of establishment of classic textualism with Chinese characteristics.