Transport Contacts And Its Spatial Pattern Of China’s Central Cities

Region spatial linkages between different objects is an interaction phenomena and essentially underthe rule of space. transport contacts is one of the important forms of regional spatial contacts withreality.Based on central place theory, spatial interaction theory, the research made an attempt to establishan ideal model of regional spatial linkages, Builds region spatial contact models based on three kinds pathof the endogenous, exogenous and coupled growth, and then explores its inherent geographicalagglomeration mechanism, deduces and calculates the region spatial linkages evolvement course, exploresregion spatial linkages universality geography theory base on the factor flows perspective. Through thequantitative research on the central cities space economic contacts, analysis China’s regional economiclinks spatiotemporal patterns and region difference. Based on central cities external function links of urbanflows, according to the central cities service capabilities and its change, researchs the regional spatialstructure model and its evolution.According to China’s central cities complete interactive aviation, railwayand highway transport links data, adopts the method of GIS space analysis based on O-D contact network,precisely and clearly describes China’s central cities aviation, railway and highway transport passengercontacts spatial agglomeration, hierarchy and network structure, panoramic and clearly deconstructes thetransport contacts geographical agglomeration, distribution pattern and development trend at the differentspace scale such as the nation, region and urban agglomeration.Chapter one：Mainly elaborates the significance, the framework and the method of the study.Chapter two：Traces previous studies in the relative field and constitutes at home and abroad.Chapter three：Regional spatial contacts and its geographical agglomeration mechanism. Based oncentral place theory, spatial interaction theory, the research made an attempt to establish an ideal model ofregional spatial linkages.①Deduces and calculates the region spatial linkages evolvement course, exploresregion spatial linkages universality geography theory base on the factor flows perspective. Thoroughanalysis urban internal and outward function relations root in urban basic and non basic activities, theresearch leads the region spacial linkages research connotation to the more deeper fields such as urbanflows, space of flows. Researcher constructs an ideal model of regional spatial connection of elements flow from the perspective of the two kinds of path conditions in open and closed system.②Builds region spatialcontact models based on three kinds path of the endogenous, exogenous and coupled growth, and thenexpounds its inherent geographical agglomeration mechanism.③Regional spatial structure can be dividedinto four evolution stages of level equilibrium distribution, single core polarization-diffusion, multiple corepolarization-diffusion, and high level equilibrium, from the west to the east, from the midland and northeastto the eastern coastal area, our country regional spatial structure overall presents this four stages.④Comprehensive analyse commonly characteristic of element flows, explores the theory and spatial structureon geography significance with the space of fiows.Chapter four：China’s central cities spatial economic links distribution and Change. By means ofspatial interactions gravity model, comprehensive measures central cities of provincial region spatialeconomic links include the whole central cities. Calculates provincial region economic links intensitybetween all central cities, comprehensive compares each provincial area spatial economic links intensityand its change. Research found:①The regional special structure have kept closely relationship with itsinternal spatial economic links intensity and network development degree. Along with the special economiclinks intensity from weak to strong, links network from simple to complex, the regional spatial structure isfollowed by the single center to multi-core and network structure, and the ultimately development directionis towards spatial integration.②Study shows the facts that spatial economic links can be perfect unionwith the main urban agglomerations, it reflects that the spatial economic links intensity and its closelydegree can be looked upon as a status about city cluster evolution and development stage, at the same time,it also shows that urban agglomeration development inherence mechanism relies on the spatial economiclinks intensify and deepen continually.③The study have shown that China’s regional economicdevelopment is concentrating in the three big coastal urban agglomeration regions， such as the YangtzeRiver Delta, Pearl River Delta and Ring Bohai Sea Gulf areas, and the uneven spatial developmentFramework will went on continuously.Chapter five：China’s central cities external function links and its spatial pattern. Based on centralcities external function links of urban flows, according to the central cities service capabilities and itschange of10years, researchs the regional spatial structure model and its evolution. Research finds:①The central cities, relying on its external service functions, bring centripetal polarization and outward pervasionfunction, the complex economic flows and close economic links have formed inside the regain, whichaffect and determine the regional spatial structure finally.②China’s central cities external servicecapabilities make a significantly difference in different provinces, the provinces and urban agglomerationsof Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Bohai Bay area have stronger external function contacts andservice capabilities, make the regional space economic links intimately, have developed network spatialstructure. The midland and west central cities external service capabilities are weak, and also are the spatialeconomic links, so pole core and pole-axis spatial structures are the main types.Chapter six：China’s central cities aviation contacts and its spatial pattern. Regional spatial links isbased on the interactivity phenomenon between different objects space, the aviation links is one kinds ofspace relationship. Base on the national domestic flights information data, using GIS spatial networkanalysis method, by means of carve every aviation links within the large dimension data space, this articleanalyses the network structures of the aviation links between national central cities which open to air traffic,compares with special links in the abstract, and display China’s airline network structure and its spatialatlases by different transport distance. Research shows:①China’s aviation network distribution highlycoincide with population and economic space, large city agglomeration characteristics is significantly, thewhole spatial pattern is not balanced.②Based on the flights data, central cities can be divided into4grades as national, regional, provincial and local center, including Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou arethe national center.③The study also found, national airlines mainly concentrated in the600-2000kmspace distance range, China’s domestic flights suitable travel during this spatial distance range, aviationlinks on the whole subject to spatial distance attenuating tendency.④The regional distribution of the airpassenger flows is extremely out-off-balance, the eastern air transport status is extremely prominent, thewest is relatively strong, the central and northeast relatively weak.Chapter seven：China’s central cities railway passenger transport contacts and its spatial pattern.According to China’s central cities complete interactive "city-train-city " data, adopts the method of GISspace analysis based on O-D network, through multi research angles from central cities railway passengertransport contacts space agglomeration, arbitrary two central cities railway contacts and its spatial patternby subdivision train number type, this article analyses China’s central cities railway passenger contacts spatial pattern, precisely and clearly describes central cities railway passenger contacts spatialagglomeration, network structures and its distribute characteristics. Research shows:①The nationalrailway passenger contacts distribution appears the shape structure of "kai" font to east tilt, two verticallines of Beijing-Shanghai to Shanghai-Shenzhen, Beijing-Guangzhou to Beijing-Haerbin, two horizontallines of Longhai-Lanxin, Shanghai-Kunming, them crossing into the nationwide railway passenger contactsmainly framework.②Within200km space distance, because each urban agglomerations or economicrations within the economic contacts is closely, degree of traffic integration is higher, the operational trainnumber of central cities is the sharp increase, outside200km space distance, the spatial attenuatingtendency of railway passenger contacts obeys cubic curve rule on the whole.③With the gradual increaseof spatial distance, the nationwide railway passenger transport links show different space scales contacts asfollows within urban agglomerations or economic rations, province region, neighboring provinces, betweenregions and up to big regions.④The national central cities railway passenger contacts generally rely onimportant transport axis and mainly between neighbor core cities, this study clearly judges and gives outthe railway passenger regional inside and outside mainly contact direction and its intensity by subdividetrain number type.⑤Research shows, at present, the rapid train is the main part of the railway passengertransport type in China. The rapidly development of the multiple units and high-speed railway technologygreatly changed overall structures of Chinese railway passenger transport.⑥The multiple units andhigh-speed railway contacts concentrate in the three economic regions in eastern, links of Beijing-Shanghai,Beijing-Guangzhou are closely, and however, deficiency in Shanghai-Guangzhou (Shenzhen) orientation,relatively hysteresis of high-speed railway traffic facilities is the cause.Chapter eight：China’s central cities highway passenger transport contacts and its spatial pattern. Basedon China’s central cities highway long-distance passenger contacts data, by the way of GIS space networkanalysis, the paper researches China’s highway passenger transport network structures and its spatial patternclearly on national scale. Research shows:①The correlation of highway passenger transport betweenurban population and economy scale is strongly, but have no correlation with the level of economicdevelopment.②The more closely of highway passenger transport contacts are located in populationconcentrated and economic developmented area to the eastern, presents the distribution pattern of regional agglomeration. The most intensive areas are the eastern Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, at the sametime, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Shandong Province, Henan Province, Chengdu-Chongqing highway passengertransportation regional agglomeration degree relative prominence also.③On the whole, the nationalhighway passenger transport links take the regional central cities as contacts center, other central cities asthe contact objects, thus it can forms self-contained regional spatial contacts agglomeration area in themiddle-short distance passenger transport.④The suitable space distance of China’s highway long-distancepassenger contacts should be within500km; the best transportation distance is about100-300km.Highway long-distance passenger transportation links within200km is increased with the increasingdistance, and then presents the trend with conic distance attenuation.⑤China’s central cities highwaypassenger transport contacts spatial association is strongly, within500km, highway passenger contactstructure and network characteristics can indicate the internal mechanism of urban agglomeration evolution,also shows that the close degree of urban agglomeration internal transport links can reflect its economicdevelopment level and regional integration development degree.⑥Highway passenger transport withdifferent distance reflect the regional transport links within different spatial scales, highway passengertransport contacts in subdivision spatial distance can be clearly identified regional traffic contacts structureand its network characteristics as a section of various spatial scales, such as urban agglomeration, withinprovince, through the provinces and the regions.Chapter nine：China’s central cities transport contacts and its spatial pattern totality character.①China’s central cities transport contacts shows the significantly agglomeration characteristics to the ragioncentral city,large city and bigalopolis.②The closely transport contacts are located in populationconcentrated and economic developmented area presents its distribution pattern of regional agglomeration.③The hub of multiple communications can come into being regional and national central cities.④The bigtransport axles crossing into the national urban systerm mainly framework.⑤Ragion inergration course isaccelerated by the lead of transport contacts.⑥The regional difference of transport contacts spatial patternis obviously.Chapter ten：Summarizes major conclusions and innovations of this study.Major conclusions are:①By constructing a spatial links ideal model for in-depth analysis of regional spatial contacts and itd agglomeration mechanism.②The regional economic links strength and networkscharacterize can indicate the evolution stage and development degree of region and urban agglomeration.③Central city external service capability is the main drive force for the evolution of regional spatialstructure.④Through the method of GIS space network Analysis base on O-D links network in large dataspace can show the hyperfine spatial structure on massive data.⑤China’s aviation passenger contactsregion distribution extremely uneven, ration difference and grade differentiation is very clearly.⑥China’srailway passenger contacts distribution appears the shape structure of "kai" font to east tilt.⑦China’shighway passenger contacts shows the region agglomeration coexist with central city agglomeration.⑧This study has acquired a totality character of China’s central cities transport contacts and its spatial pattern.The main innovations include:①Constructs the ideal model of regional spatial contacts base onelements flows perspective, put forward a new perspective and new thought of regional spatial relationbased on endogenous, exogenous and coupling growth paths.②Through the method of GIS space networkanalysis in large data space, research can show the hyperfine spatial structure on massive data.③Based onthe interactive aviation, railway, highway passenger contacts data, it can be analysed thorough and depictesclearly in national central city traffic links geographical agglomeration and spatial distribution.