Research On The Development Of Rural Micro - Finance In China

The so-called three dimentional problems of agriculture, rural areas and peasants problems, is always an important issue of the Party Central Committee. Since the issue of the document of the Central Committee of China Communist Party and the State Council about the opinions on some policies to promote farmers to increase income, the Party Central Committee has been concerning the three dimentional problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers in 12 consecutive years. While in modern society it can not be true that the development of agriculture, the construction of rural areas and peasants being rich can be realized without financial support.The financial industry as a monetary accommodation industry, to face various risks in the process of operation, so its operation has its special regularity.Under normal circumstances, the traditional financial services require the borrower to provide appropriate guarantees, such as collateral loan process is also very strict, in order to reduce operating risk.But, due to the weak rural economy itself quality characteristics, such as low income and high risk, the production of seasonal is strong, the rural population income level is low, many farmers need money their income is low, almost no or very little collateral, in this case, there is a set of strict lending standards and processes of traditional financial services, it’s very difficult to reach the masses of low-income people, this requests us in the rural areas development different from traditional financial new forms of operation in the financial industry.This paper tries to explore the micro financial development in rural areas, in order to better meet the financial needs of China’s "three rural" to provide new ideas.The full text is divided into eight parts.Introduction introduces the research background and significance, domestic and foreign research literature review, research objectives and contents, research methods and main innovation place.First chapter clarified the micro finance, small loans and pratt &whitney financial a few confusing concepts.After a brief introduction to the related theory of microfinance, namely, financial development theory, information economics theory and the theory of group lending and relationship lending.The second chapter of the historical process of China’s traditional rural financial system with a simple comb, and in possession of a lot, on the basis of predecessors’ research literature, back on to the stage, put forward about the five stages of traditional rural financial development in our country.At the same time, in our country, on the basis of traditional financial history vein combing, financial related ratio(FIR) index formula, this paper, a large amount of economic and financial data acquisition and processing, by measuring, it is concluded that China’s rural theory and the actual total financial assets, financial assets total gap and then find out the rural financial assets.Measurement results show that since 1990 s, with the acceleration of China’s financial reform and financial deepening degree of deepening, rural traditional financial gap has a rising trend.It confirms about traditional finance in rural areas lack of judgment, the development of China’s rural microfinance business highlights the necessity and important significance.The third chapter compares the patterns of the development of international microfinance research.Many countries in the world would have started a beneficial exploration of microfinance, received a good social and economic benefits.In this paper, combing the current several more successful microfinance business model in the world, including the well-known and widely study the grameen model, also known as GB model, the group lending system, compulsory savings system, flexible repayment arrangement innovation was very successful, won the broad and in-depth economic effects and social effects.This article also introduces the Bolivia sun bank(Banco Sol), rural credit(BRI) in the people’s bank of Indonesia, village bank and the international community foundation(FINCA), and other microfinance has its own distinct characteristics.In addition, this chapter also for commercial Banks to carry out international microfinance business channels and micro financial regulatory mode has carried on the comparative study.The fourth chapter discusses the postal savings and village Banks, small loan companies and other financial institutions to microfinance business conducted by the beneficial exploration, and pointed out that community Banks in China will be the future of the micro financial main new model, combining with the concrete practice of zhejiang taizhou commercial Banks, the theoretical basis and practical features of community Banks mode is presented.In addition, due to the micro financial services groups are mostly enjoy less than, or didn’t have a chance to enjoy the traditional financial services social lower and middle classes and small micro enterprise, microfinance loan services with the pen number, amount is small, the characteristics of high risk.So microfinance services of loan pricing will not apply the traditional technology, this chapter of microfinance special loan pricing technology is presented, from the loan organization form, divided into two categories, groups and individuals, tell from the specific pricing method has cost plus pricing method, the benchmark interest rate method and other three, including in this paper, the current rural microfinance institutions in China adopted by most of the cost-plus pricing method is introduced in detail.The last of this chapter introduces the present situation of rural microfinance supervision in our country.The fifth chapter analyses the main problems existing in the development of microfinance and barriers, namely mission drift problem aggravate the lack of rural financial service, a new type of rural microfinance institutions face financing difficulties and policy limit, the unreasonable pricing model of rural microfinance institutions and incomplete regulatory system.In view of the problems and obstacles to the fifth chapter, chapter 6 puts forward the corresponding policy Suggestions, such as differential pricing to solve mission drift problem, actively promoting policy innovation, widen the financing channels of new rural microfinance institutions, a market-oriented interest rate pricing method, etc., for China’s national conditions and the actual economic development level and the financial development level, creatively put forward the specific legislation, classification regulation mode of rural microfinance regulation, to China’s rural microfinance institutions supervision regulation mode put forward a try.The conclusive part of this article summarizes summarizes the basic conclusions and policy Suggestions, and points out the problems remain to be further study.In conclusion, this paper discusses the necessity of developing the rural microfinance in China, hope that through the international comparative study of microfinance business model, a detailed discussion of our country’s current rural microfinance business and regulatory status quo, from the micro financial mission drift, financing channels, pricing methods and regulatory four dimensions deeply analyze the problems hindering the development of the current our country rural microfinance and obstacles, and combined with the actual situation of rural development, and financial market development present situation, proposed targeted and constructive Suggestions, in order to put forward beneficial reference for the development of rural microfinance in China, makes the low-income groups in rural areas are also better able to enjoy the modern, fast and convenient microfinance services.