| Since the new century, with the deepening of China’s reformation and opening and the rapid development of modernization of agriculture, the traditional agricultural technology service system is facing new demands and challenges. However, in our country, the traditional Agricultural Extension System which operated by the government and targeting in public benefits still exists plenty of problems that haven’t been solved, such as: bull management, fuzzy function, lack of funding, low efficiency, disjointed technology and production, team instability, slow progress of reform problems and so on. At the same time, as China’s agricultural industrialization step by step, agricultural efficiency continuously improves, in some industries, agriculture industry has the trend and basic of marketization, a number of new agricultural technology services providers such as agriculture related enterprises, cooperative organizations of farmers, agricultural scientific research and education institutions are also able to flourish and develop rapidly. The trend of diversification and marketization in agricultural technology services is irreversible, the transformation of government functions in the agricultural technology services is imminent. Under the new situation, in a diverse agricultural technology service system architecture, how to divide the duty of each service subject, what’s the connotation and features of various mode, how to locate the function, how to coordinate relationship, how to optimize the government management system and operational mechanism, all need to be further researched and refined. So the work done by this thesis has important theory and practice meanings.This paper combines literature review, theoretical analysis, econometric model estimates and typical cases and other methods combined, trying to summarize, card and evaluate the operating mechanism of all subjects, the service model, the actual effects of the agricultural extension service system since the founding of the nation, and also, on the basis of drawing lessons from foreign experience of agricultural technology service system construction to further clarify principal functional responsibilities and role positioning of different types of agricultural technology service subject.At the same time, on the basis of further analyzing the international and domestic real demand and trend of development of agricultural technology service, the study put forward to establish a new multi-service system technology direction and path, and also the the basic ideas of system reform and mechanism innovation, and with the support of institutional system and policy recommendations. This paper includes the following main contents:(1) This paper combs and introduces the history and system of agricultural technology service system in our country. This dissertation defines the definition and connotation of Agricultural technology service system in the the new period, and combs the history of Agricultural technology service system. The history divided into four periods:period for construction and improvement of the government public agricultural technology extension system (1949-1978), period for trend previews of agricultural social services (1978-1990), period for grassroots agricultural service organizations to deepen reform (1990-2000), advocated the establishment of a diversified agricultural technology service network (2001-present). Paper describes the system of agricultural technology service system composition. After years of development, our main agricultural technology services evolved into government welfare agencies to promote agricultural technology, agricultural research and educational institutions, agribusiness and technology intermediary service institutions, rural specialized cooperative organizations and mass organizations, science and technology category, showing the trends of "a multi-master" agricultural service system. Meanwhile, the paper evaluates operation effects of our agricultural technology service system in terms of the characteristics and the problems of modern agricultural service system.(2) The paper describes the typical models and operation mechanisms of government welfare system and market-oriented agricultural extension service system. The effects of reform and construction in public agricultural technology extension system operated by government initially appeared, and the functions of public welfare further clarified, talent team construction was strengthened, infrastructure and service means constantly improved. But there are still exists some problems, such as insufficient investment protection, the management system is not well, the quality of personnel need to be improved, the responsibility evaluation is not standard, service mode lag and other issues, leading to low efficiency of agricultural extension. Market-oriented agricultural technology service system which is for financial gain, through full role of the market for the efficient allocation of agricultural science and technology resources,not only to make the demand side of agricultural services have more service options, and enjoy a more diverse, more in line with needs, higher quality and lower prices paid technical services. Meanwhile, market-oriented agricultural services will facilitate closer integration of technology innovation chain and industry chain, not only make up public agricultural technology extension system in the "government failure", get through the "last one kilometer" of agricultural technology, but also to attract more social resources into the agricultural sector services, and continue to promote agricultural and rural information technology modernization.(3) Paper discusses the typical mode and operation mechanism of agricultural research educational institutions and rural communities in mutual aid agricultural technology service system. Agricultural research and educational institutions have the advantages of rich human resources and intellectual resources, abundant disciplines, understanding and mastering the forefront of contemporary science and technology development, providing various advanced technologies required to the production field, meeting the demand for agricultural technology development and talents so and forth. Different from other service principal, agricultural scientific research and educational institutions in the agricultural technical services plays a fundamental role, that is the technological support and leading role. Mutual rural community organizations to carry out agricultural technical services model has distinguished from other types of agricultural technology service model, which through the integration of resources, speed up the diffusion, cultivate demand means, connecting government departments, research institutions, institutions of agricultural technology extension and farmers, formed a broad network structure, has constructed a special agricultural service mode, which has a unique mechanism of action.From the perspective of the current situation of development of cooperative organizations in our country, no matter from the quantity, involving industry and technologies are very rapidly, as for farmer training, new varieties and new technologies promotion, standardized management and other agricultural science and technology services also have achieved good results. But there still exist the problems of insufficient supply of technology, personnel quality is not high, the internal governance structure is imperfect, the lack of operating funds and so on.(4) This paper analyzes and estimates the efficiency and influence factors of agricultural service in China. Paper uses DEA model estimates the efficiency of agricultural technology, and analyzes the influencing factors. Which obtains the following basic conclusions:first, most area of our country in recent years agricultural service effect appears to a trend of increase, agricultural services and the effect of the level of the eastern coastal developed areas in other regions was relatively high. Nationally, the effect of agricultural services showed a steadily trend of increase nearly 15 years. Second, the agricultural extension personnel human capital, agricultural technology service platform, agricultural production conditions and household endowment conditions and so on have a significant positive effect on agricultural extension service. To strengthen the optimization of agricultural human capital, and the construction and effective use of agricultural services platform, to improve agricultural production conditions and optimize farmers endowment, which is conducive to upgrade the effect of China’s agricultural technology service.(5) The paper analyzes the demand and trend of agricultural technology service of our country in the new period.The paper says the demands and service contents for agricultural technology service in the new period will be more diversified, comprehensive, integrated and information. In the new period, promoting agricultural modernization, the agricultural extension service scope and areas need to be wider, the service principals will also be more oriented towards cooperation organization, family farms and agricultural enterprises, and many other subjects. And in order to adapt to the new industrialization and urbanization development to the requirement of labor transfer, agricultural technology service system must strive to strengthen promotion of labor saving and capital intensive technology, improve the information level of agricultural extension services, and gradually transformed into products as the main line of technical services. Farmers on agricultural service needs will be more emphasis on simplicity and low cost, the cooperation organization will be in urgent need of integration services of agriculture antenatal, production process technology, agriculture related enterprises will focus on postpartum technology. As for future development trend, the content of the new multi-agricultural technology service will be more comprehensive, integrated and information, and it will more emphasis on the development of agricultural "soft" technology, and to improve the overall efficiency of agriculture as the goal, to achieve economic, social and ecological benefits of the three party.(6) The paper proposes the path selection and system reconstruction of China’s agricultural technology service system reform in the new period.In the future, it should have a clear line between government and market, form the polycentric governance structure, and make the contents and areas of agricultural technology service to the whole industry chain of production such as production, processing, storage, logistics, information technique, marketing, insurance, finance and other industries, and gradually build up new agricultural technology service system of "based on government, enterprise as the leading factor, research and development and education institutions for mutual support, rely on the rural community organization". The national level to explore and set up the promotion committee about agricultural, science, education and production, to establish vertical management system of "three right belongs to the county", actively foster the subject of marketization of agricultural extension services, to strengthen ability construction of the rural community assistance technical service organization, to establish the new extension model of the local agricultural scientific research and education institutions for support. At the same time, we need to conduct institutional innovation from following aspects that to improve the protection system of agricultural intellectual property, perfect the market of agricultural technology transaction, establish a diversified training system of talents, strengthen the ability of innovation construction of diversified science and technology service, reform fund-raising mechanism of agricultural extension service at the grass-roots level.The main innovations of the thesis are as follows:first, the paper redefined the role and function of the four subjects which are government public agricultural technology extension system, market-oriented agricultural technology service organizations, the rural community assistance technical service organizations, agricultural research and educational institutions, in the new agricultural technology service system. And this is a certain development and innovation in the research field of agricultural technology services theory. The second is to use data envelopment analysis (DEA) and structural equation model, to calculate the various regions of the agricultural technology service efficiency, and to analyze the current restrictive factors which has influenced efficiency of agricultural technology service. This has certain innovation in research methods. Third, the study has suggested that it is better to have a clear line between government and market and form the polycentric governance structure, also we should actively explore and set up the promotion committee about agricultural, science, education and production, to establish vertical management system of "three right belongs to the county", actively foster the subject of marketization of agricultural extension services, to strengthen ability construction of the rural community assistance technical service organization, these suggestions have a strong guiding significance to practice.
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