Research On The Relationship Among The Foreign Enterprise R&D Spillover, Absorptive Capacity And The Technology Innovation Performance Of The Domestic Enterprises

The enterprises of China as the main force of national innovation, takes the realization from made-in-China to created-in-China. Therefore, how to improve the independent innovation capability of the domestic enterprises in China has become a realistic topic to be further studied. The foreign capital enterprises are the most important external knowledge source of the domestic enterprises, how much is R&D Spillovers of the foreign capital enterprises on the innovation ability of the domestic enterprises.Which factors influence the relationship between the R&D Spillovers of the foreign capital enterprises and the innovation ability of the domestic enterprises. These related problems have become the important issues in need of study. Thus, this study conducted a systematic review of the research findings on foreign enterprises R&D spillover,absorptive capacity and innovation of domestic enterprise; analyzed the relationship between foreign enterprises R&D spillover and innovation of domestic enterprise based on the model of enterprises innovation process;clarified the relationship between absorptive capacity and technology innovation performance of domestic enterprise;and discussed the moderating effect and threshold effect of absorptive capacity.The absorptive capacity was deeply studied based on the internal knowledge flow model of the enterprise. Absorptive capacity was tried to be divided into acquisition phase, integration phase and application phase.The three phases presented as three dimensions that is the abilities of knowledge acquisition, digestion, and application.The multidimensional and dynamic characteristics were revealed, and the measurement indicators of the three dimensions were put forward.Based on the theoretical analysis,this study put forward seven related theoretical hypotheses:the more R&D spillover from foreign enterprises, the better technology innovation performance of domestic enterprises; foreign enterprises from different regions would have different impact on technical innovation of domestic enterprises;absorptive capacity of the domestic enterprises has a positive moderating effect between foreign enterprises R&D spillover and domestic enterprises technology innovation performance;domestic enterprises absorptive capacity has threshold effect;absorptive capacity and;innovation performance of domestic enterprises were positively correlated; technology innovation of domestic enterprises have a cumulative effect;domestic enterprises scale has a positive impact on technology innovation performance. Based on the dynamic panel data in China’s 30 provincial industrial enterprises, this study tested the seven theoretical hypotheses using the dynamic knowledge production function model constructed. Take a large private enterprise A in Zhejiang Province as an example, this study deeply analyzed the relationships of foreign enterprise R&D spillover, absorptive capacity and technology innovation of this enterprise; discussed the impact factors for the absorptive capacity; and the conclusions obtained through the empirical analysis of dynamic panel model are verified and supplemented.The results showed:foreign enterprise R&D had significant positive spillover effects on domestic enterprise technology innovation,and foreign enterprise from different regions showed the different effects in the aspects of R&D capital and R&D human investment.The absorptive capacity of domestic enterprise suggested the moderating and threshold effects between the foreign enterprise R&D spillover and the domestic enterprises technology innovation.The technology innovation of domestic enterprise had cumulative effects.This study supported the Schumpeter’s Hypotheses:Large enterprises had stronger innovation ability; entrepreneur played a key factor to influence the domestic enterprises on the absorption of foreign enterprises R&D spillovers; forgiving corporate culture and perfect management system were the the important factor to influence the absorption of foreign enterprises R&D knowledge spillover.Therefore, this study proposed:adjusting the policy of attracting foreign investment and promoting the foreign enterprise R&D spillover; paying attention to the introduction and cultivation of high level talents R&D talent; strengthening the support of domestic enterprises R&D to improve the absorptive capacity and independent innovation ablity of domestic enterprise;supporting the leading enterprises and promoting the technology innovation diffusion; cultivating the entrepreneur team that having the entrepreneurial spirit; constructing learning organization and building forgiving corporate culture, etc.Compared with the other current researches, the main innovations of this study were:firstly, this study integrated the foreign enterprise R&D spillover, absorptive capacity and the technology innovation of domestic enterprises into one frame, and comprehensively analyzed their relationships. At the same time, based on the dynamic panel data in China’s provincial industrial enterprises, the relationships of the three variables were empirical verified using the dynamic knowledge production function model, which was one important innovation point. Secondly, the theorists have different understanding about the issue that absorptive capacity showed direct decisive effect or moderating effect between foreign enterprises R&D spillover and the domestic enterprises technology innovation. Therefore, this study verified the moderating and threshold effects of absorptive capacity between them and calculated the value of threshold effect. The effects of foreign enterprise R&D spillover on domestic enterprise technology innovation were investigated from the perspective of absorptive capacity, which was certain innovative in research methods. Thirdly,according to the results that Cohen and Levinthal (1989,1990,1994) obtained, absorptive capacity was divided into acquisition phase, integration phase and application phase based on the basic theory of enterprises resources and knowledge management. Absorptive capacity presented the abilities of knowledge acquisition, digestion, and application from the three capability dimensions.Based on the measurement indicators of the three abilities, absorptive capacity was comprehensively calculated using principal component analysis.These all provided some valuable directions for further study of absorptive capacity measurement method.