Comparative Study On Tourism Industrial Organization Evolution And Innovations Between China And USA

Chinese tourism industry has developed rapidly after the reform and opening up policy in1978. After over30years’ efforts, China has successfully turned the rich tourism resources into a world-class tourist destination. Chinese tourism industry has been expanding and is playing an increasingly important role in Chinese economic development. However, Chinese tourism is now confronted with basic contradiction between the rapid growth of people’s leisure demand and the comparatively backward productivity of tourism industry. Other existing problems include:extensive tourism development mode, backward institutional mechanisms, deficient legal environment, imperfect market order, weak tourism enterprises, irreasonable industrial structure, inadequate financial investment, inadequate infrastructure and public service facilities, unsound public security system, and the lack of effective coordination mechanism for industrial development. Therefore, it is urgent to make full use of the successful experience of developed countries, to innovate the development mechanism of China’s tourism industry and to accelerate the transformation of Chinese tourism industry from factor-driven to innovation-driven, from a labor-intensive industry to a capital-and technology-intensive industry. That is the key for China to realize the goal of becoming a world-power in tourism.This paper explores the evolution and innovation of tourism industry from the perspective of industrial organization evolution, under the guidance of Marxist economics and combining the industrial organization theory and evolutionary economics. Firstly, it builds the theoretical framework of tourism industrial organization evolution research, and makes detailed analysis of the environment, driving forces, and process of tourism industrial organization evolution. It is found that tourism innovation is the fundamental power of tourism industrial organization evolution and the evolution of tourism industrial organization is a dynamic process which includes tourism enterprises evolution, tourism industrial structure evolution and government performance evolution. Secondly, after the theoretical analysis, in order to further study the process and laws of tourism industrial organization evolution, this paper chooses China and U.S. tourism industry as empirical research, and makes a comparative study on the differences of China and U.S. tourism industrial organization evolution from Macro, Meso and Micro levels. Differences discussed mainly include:differences in tourism enterprises evolution and industrial format innovation, differences in convergence and tourism industrial structure upgrading and differences in government performance in tourism industry evolution. Finally, according to the successful experience of the U.S. tourism industrial organization innovation, this paper puts forward strategies for accelerating reform and innovation of Chinese tourism industry.