Study On Urbanization Efficiency And Policy Choice In The Economic Development

As the major stage and modern mainstream direction in the world economic development, urbanization becomes the social economic model and grand strategy of policy decision of chasing the high speed development for developing countries. However, how to realize the high quality effect of economic development and avoid all kinds of urban disease as well as slum-dog urbanization, such as Latin American countries, through the efficient operation of urbanization process, is the big problem in the deepening study. Our country has just released "national new urbanization planning (2014-2020year)", which pointed out the main direction for our country modernization through the urbanization process; this also means to explore the specific development and action strategies of new urbanization is the theoretical study task in a long period in the future. In this context,"study on urbanization efficiency and policy choice in the economic development" as the topic in the paper can study the policy and strategy choice of urbanization development path through discussing urbanization efficiency in the economic development, which has the important theoretical and practical significance for promoting harmonious, healthy and rapid development of our country economy as well as for realizing the modernization and Chinese dream. Urbanization, as the important way to boost economic development and promote the economic and social structure of great changes, has become the focus content and core strategy of a national theory and policy layer, which has been proved by the urbanization development trend of history. To explore the urbanization efficiency in the economic development and its policy choice not only accords with the general law of economic and social development and the main trends of urbanization for developing countries, but also can find a high quality way for the economic development, which should be the one of forward-looking topics of development economics and national economics. Particularly after the new urbanization concept proposed, we will need more study how to promote economic development by promoting urbanization efficiency.Urbanization development is always running in the low efficiency in china, Wu Jing-lian and the older generation of economists pointed out that "in recent years, the urbanization is in accelerating in China, this is a very gratifying phenomenon. At present, there has been more than half of the labor force in the urban. But similar to the whole economic development also has a low efficiency problem." This is reason why the various problems always appear in the process of urbanization in China. The three high three low of development reality is still outstanding in the development process of traditional urbanization, which provides the note for the low urbanization efficiency. The high consumption of resources, land resources as the typical representative, as the land resources shortage countries, but in the process of urbanization, land resources wasted phenomenon meet everywhere in china, the speed of land urbanization is leading population urbanization, the speed of population urbanization is leading industry urbanization, three ratio inversion phenomenon is very obviously, at the same time, a series of landscape urbanization or visual urbanization emerged, and10000Yuan of GDP consumed land area more than ten times for developed countries, the development process has not long time; The social cost is high, leading to the high operation cost and low efficiency of urbanization, high social costs resulting in the urban economy which urban infrastructure as the representative is in the shortage state for less than seeking, population can not enjoy the urban public products and services, the non equalization of basic public services in prominent; The debt risk is high, leading to the urban without capital, need to invest a lot of money matching with the urbanization process, the debt risk up hang not only brings the hindrance for the urban economic development, but also inhibit prosperity for the city economic, the capital chain rupture in the urbanization operation, especially in the premise of the urbanization investment cannot be effectively implemented, the debt risk up hang is more obviously. The occupancy rate commercial housing is too low, which means the housing vacancy rate is high, high land prices lead to high prices, the peasants have no ability to purchase or rental house, especially in the social background of rising house prices in the urban, for the urban poor section that migrant workers as the representative is one disaster after another, this is reason why our country urbanization is called semi urbanization at present; Into the urban migrant workers underpaid, migrant workers and the indigenous residents do not enjoy the same treatment, most urban has the abnormal situation, that is urbanization development achievements shared by the urban original inhabitants, the price is paid by migrant workers; the low compensation for land requisition, their interests are damaged, the low compensation standard for land requisition is far from the land itself has the market value, at the same time, because of the ability, they can not purchase the house in the urban, and come into the development situation, named can not go back, do not stay. The three high three low of development reality in urban is always in a high input and low output in the process of running the urbanization, the low urbanization efficiency has become an inevitable trend.While as the internal power of economic development, urbanization plays a leading role in economic development, if the urbanization level of a country or regional is always in a state of low efficiency, one can imagine, the national or regional economic is the amount of growth simply, the quality of urbanization can not has the major breakthrough, it will be trapped in the vicious spiral. In contrast, the high efficiency operation of urbanization will lead to economic progress not only in quantity, but there will be a qualitative improvement in the structure and cause a conversion, which will directly contribute to economic development. Therefore, to improve the economic efficiency of urbanization during the operation, and to promote economic development by enhancing the level of urbanization, has become an important task of theorists. For this reason, this paper comprehensive measures the urbanization efficiency in economic development, as well as analyze the impact on economic development, clear regional differences of urbanization efficiency. This paper analyzes the urbanization efficiency in economic development to provide policy decision basis and reference for the high quality urbanization policy formulated and economic development level promoted.This study tried to use "the relationship between economic development and urbanization efficiency-the main causes and action mechanism of urbanization efficiency in economic development-empirical measure of urbanization in economic development-the policy choice to enhance the urbanization efficiency" to discuss such an chain idea. Firstly, in the aspect of relationship between Chinese urbanization and economic development, the study explores the problems and social cost of urbanization through analyzing the urbanization process, feature, the role of economic development effect and international comparison, and based on the correct understanding of the role, the essence, source of law, population, urban development and the social value system of urbanization, to define the urbanization of economic development, and guide the urbanization efficiency and its influence degree; Secondly, in the aspect of main causes and action mechanism of urbanization efficiency in economic development, this study analyzes the main causes of urbanization efficiency, namely the urbanization inputs (land, labor, capital) and the urbanization output (the effective transfer of rural surplus labor force, improve the level of economic development, enhance urban infrastructure) two aspects, which comes to conclusion that total economy of scale, the population carrying capacity of urban space, urban infrastructure, urban spatial agglomeration and government public regulation are all the action mechanism of urbanization through the construction economic development model of urbanization efficiency. Thirdly, in the aspect of empirical measure of urbanization in economic development, this study uses data envelopment analysis method to obtain the overall trend of development and the growth type of urbanization efficiency through dynamic measure; and to obtain pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency and input intensive degree of urbanization through static measure. At the same time, this study gets the results that the total economic scale and other factors have positive impact on the urbanization efficiency; urban population bearing capacity with a negative effect on the urbanization efficiency through the Tobit regression testing of action mechanism of urbanization efficiency; and then testing the convergence of urbanization efficiency, including d convergence and B convergence as well as analyzes the relationship between urbanization efficiency and economic development, the result shows that urbanization efficiency has the positive effect on economic development, at the same time, this paper analyzes the economic development effect of urbanization rationally. Finally, in the aspect of policy choice of urbanization efficiency promotion, this study evaluates the current urbanization policy in china, and forecast the urbanization policy trends in the future, proposed the policy suggestions and the chain development ideas to promote Chinese urbanization efficiency from four aspects of land use pattern, industry cluster model, income distribution pattern of urban and rural and the system mode of urban public economic.This study strives for certain innovation based on the combination with theoretical analysis and empirical analysis, dynamic analysis and static analysis and comprehensive analysis method. Firstly, the study analyzes the main causes and action mechanism of urbanization efficiency on the basis of theoretical discussion, which provides theoretical foundation core power for the costs and benefits of economic development analysis, that is the urbanization trend, as well as the characteristics and innovation of this study. Existing studies are more attention to urban efficiency, urban land use efficiency, urban public expenditure and public service efficiency, urban industrial input-output efficiency and urban areas such as energy efficiency, and not analyzes itself and its main causes and mechanism of theoretical and empirical testing. This makes a serious lack of analysis the operating mechanism morphology for national economic development; secondly, the empirical analysis of the relationship between urbanization efficiency and economic development can provide practical basis for the economic development policy of our country through promoting urbanization efficiency, which is an important characteristic and innovation of this study, the majority of scholars have studied the relationship between urbanization and economic development and carried out the various analyzes, they got the different conclusion and confirmed the intrinsic link between urbanization and economic development, however, how the urbanization efficiency state influence the national economic development, the domestic and foreign scholars have not carried on the empirical analysis. Corresponding description and testing the efficiency of the intrinsic relationship between urbanization efficiency and economic development is an important issue of changing the mode of economic growth and economic development, which should be concerned; thirdly, to build the economic development mechanism model of urbanization efficiency, through calculations in aid of this model to find out the action mechanism of urbanization efficiency, and strive to achieve the theoretical innovation for the economic development of mechanism affected by urbanization efficiency.Therefore, this study tries to discuss on urbanization efficiency and policy choice in economic development, the concept of urbanization efficiency put forward, which can lead to urban development and the mode of land use changed; the urbanization efficiency decomposed, which can find the causes of urbanization efficiency promotion and its input level as well as the social costs reduced; the study on urbanization efficiency and the action mechanism of dependent objects, which can lead people to pay more--attention to the development quality; the relationship between urbanization efficiency and economic development empirical analyzed, which can provide theoretical basis for the high quality urbanization policy formulated to promote urbanization efficiency and economic development.