Research On Dynamic Competition Supply Chain Network Equilibrium

In nowadays, with the increasing competition and social development, the enterprises are in face of several new problems, such as marketing strategy, sustainable development strategy, remanufacture with recycling waste product, using novelty technology in the era of the Internet of things and big data, and so on. Therefore, how to make decisions under the new social background is one of the important and urgent subjects that need to solve for enterprises.The supply chain is a dynamic system with various tiers and network structure. According to the function of the supply chain network, players therein can be fall into several kinds, such as suppliers, manufacturers, retailers and demand markets, in the case of closed-loop supply chain network, the network also comprise the corresponding collectors who can be acted as by manufacturers, retailers and the third party.We can discrete the time of decision making into several planning horizontal periods, in each period, the state of the supply chain network maintain level off; whereas in different periods, the states will change in the aspects of demand and supply relation, the characteristic of decision makers, the investment for sell, the environment targets demanded by government, and the production and information capturing technology level of manufacturers and other players.This paper studies the forward and closed-loop supply chain network equilibrium problems in the context of multi-period dynamic decision making condition. In the same time, this paper also considers the different collectors who can be undertaken by as manufacturers, retailers and the third party, and considers the different demand mode such as certainty and uncertainty. By the basic tools of variational inequalities and complementary theory, this paper focus on the aspects of the loss averse characteristic of retailers facing the uncertain avenue, advertisement strategy, complying the RFID technology and carbon emission constraints, product lifetime and formulate the profit functions and expected utility function, and describe the optimal behaviors and equilibrium conditions of various decision makers, and further establish the supply chain network equilibrium models for static and dynamical decision making environment. In each chapter, we use the modified project contraction algorithm to solve the models. And provide several numerical examples to analyze some parameters and give some managerial insights. The results obtained in this paper can proved some benefit help for the enterprise and related sector of government.The main innovation points are listed as follows.(1) This paper considers the competitive among the members and dynamic in decision making process of supply chain network and breaks through the limitations of the past studies only to make a decision one time, whileas the members can make decisions several times in this paper;(2) This paper studies the following aspects in supply chain network, the loss aversion behavior characteristics of decision makers, the cooperation advertising strategy, the application conditions of RFID technology, the product life time and two types carbon emission constraints, which expand the research scope of the supply chain network;(3) In view of the demand characteristics and network structure, this research includes the random uncertainty demand which meet the actual demand market, and contains closed-loop supply chain network structure considering three recycling modes, which complies with environmental protection requirement of sustainable development.The research in this paper can provide dicision support for corporate decision makers and relevant government departments in the following areas:(1) when the model is considering the delay effect of advertisement, the sooner to make advertising investment, the more profit the enterprise will obtain, and the supply chain network will also benefit from the advertising; when the model is not considering the delay effect of advertisement, the enterprises’ profit is not raleted with the timing of adverting selection;(2) the larger the retailer’s loss aversion coefficient is, the less the order quantity is, and the higher the product market price is, the profits and the utility of the retailers are all increased, whereas the interests of manufactuers and consumers are impaired; when the loss aversion coefficient changes among different periods, the players’ optimal strategies are adjusted dynamically; with the increase of shortage cost, the retailers will purchase more products to averse the risk of shortage, however, this situation will increase the risk of excessive order and unsalable;(3) with the numerical examples, we obtain the critical values of RFID adoption in various error rate cases; when the error rate is higher than critical value corresponding to the error rate or the tag cost is lower than than critical value corresponding to the error rate, the adoption of RFID is favorable; the increase of tag initialization cost will harm the manufacuters and suppliers, whereas benefit retailers; the manufacturers should improve the technology and lower the initialization cost, and in the same time consider the interstes of retailers;(4) in most cases, because the globle carbon emission constraints can ajust their stategy freely, this strategy will be better than periotic carbon emission constraints; when the total allowed carbon emission is too low, the manufacturers have no space to ajust their production among periods, the periotic carbon emission constraints will be better than globle carbon emission constraints, then the government should choose carbon emissions policies according to the objective of emission reduction;(5) the increasement of product life time will increase the burden on manufacturers, and lower the profit of the manufacturer, in general, the objects between the manufacturers and the whole supply chain network conflict, the government should set the suitable range of collection rate according to the manufacturer’ recycling function structure and the benefit from the remanufacturing.