Study On The Foreign Trade Strategy Of Russian Transition Period

Nowadays, the connection among countries in politics and economy has become closer with the rapid development of economic globalization and informationization. As a significant form of a country in international economic cooperation, foreign trade plays an increasingly important role in global economic development, especially in Russia as the representative of the countries in transition, of which adjustment in foreign trade strategy is a key factor to influence the economic development. The changes of Russian foreign trade strategies have being taken place in different transition periods with the development of globalization and the transformation of domestic situation, in order to be more adaptable to participate in economic globalization and meet the needs of the domestic economic policy adjustment. From the perspective of historical changes of foreign trade strategy in Russian transition period, the thesis makes a necessary supplement to economic history as well as a further understanding on the real intention, historical development trace and connotation of foreign trade strategy adjustment, which in turn to summarize Russian experience in reform in trade system and learn the lessons from its strategic adjustment.At present, The economic globalization, as an irreversible trend, makes countries’ dependency stronger, which results in that the improvement of foreign trade relationship has been put in the important place in economic cooperation, namely the increase of the foreign trade policy adjustment and the formulation of national foreign trade strategy, and the country gains the necessary static and dynamic benefits in economic globalization by implement of effective foreign trade strategy, accelerates the process of its industrialization, especially seizes the opportunities brought by the third revolution of science and technology, expedites the realization of the adjustment and upgrade of industrial structure, promotes innovation in institution, enterprise, science and technology, and advances economic development.Russia made the choice of the market economic system since the early 1990s; the transformation of foreign trade system became an important part of economic system reform in Russia. In different periods of economic transition, Russia constantly adjusted foreign trade strategy, namely from the liberalization of trade strategy to the energy-oriented export diversification trade strategy; and then to innovative modern foreign trade strategy. The great adjustment in foreign trade strategy preferably met the needs of the international and domestic situation changes, which in turn got a beneficial effect.It should be noted that Russia foreign trade strategy brought certain negative influence as well as positive ones, and which are gradually permeated various fields of national economy. The influences are mainly as follows: firstly, foreign trade is characterized by capital-intensive commodity predominant export, which causes the proportion of raw materials too high in its exports, and dependence on the international raw materials market heavy; secondly, technology-intensive products are of scarce, the proportion of investment-oriented products is low, on the contrary the share of daily necessities is growing; thirdly, excessive dependence on the European Union in foreign trade leads to the imbalances in development of foreign trade, especially during the EU debt crisis, the economy suffers inevitable impact, which results in macroeconomic downturn and the shortage of circulating fund in financial markets; finally, Russian export trade is greatly affected by multinational trade barriers. Some western countries formulated related anti-dumping policies on purpose in order to reduce imports of raw materials, chemical products and fuels etc. from Russia, which exerts serious influence to the implementation of the foreign trade strategy of Russia. The problems mentioned above belong to the defect aroused in the development of foreign trade. Some problems have been solved to some degree through the constant revise and improvement of foreign trade strategy.Bilateral economic and trade cooperation between China and Russia is really gaining good momentum, especially economic and political cooperation between the two countries enters the best period of development in the current. Economic and trade exchanges scale expands rapidly. Under such circumstances, China should pay close attention to the trace and trend of Russian trade strategy clearly, objectively and timely, and determines the focus field, specific mode, etc., in the bilateral economic and trade cooperation, in order to make the trade cooperation between the two countries develop further.There are mainly 8 chapters of this thesis.Chapter one is the introduction which includes the research background and significance, related literature review from home and abroad as well as the main methodology.Chapter two is the general analysis of foreign trade strategy. It mainly expounds definitions, features, basic contents of foreign trade strategy, factors influencing strategic options and some related theories on foreign trade strategy.Chapter three is the background and motivations of adjusting foreign trade strategy in Russian transition period. It mainly analyzes the internal or external policies and economic background, which have influenced Russian adjustment in foreign trade strategy. The motivations are as follows: to meet the need of economic exchanges, to create favorable conditions for joining WTO, to rise to the challenges.Chapter four is the historical development and the features of foreign trade strategy in Russian transition periods. The historical reform is from liberalization trade strategy to diversified one based on comparative advantage, and then into innovative modern foreign trade strategy. The main characteristics are listed below, firstly, close bond between great adjustment of foreign trade strategy and replacement of leadership; secondly, direction of foreign trade strategy adjustment follows liberalization trade and focuses on the establishment and the improvement of foreign trade management systems and regulations.Chapter five is the adjusting actions and protective measures of foreign trade strategy in Russian transition periods. It analyzes the adjusting actions and protective measures of foreign trade strategy taken by Boris yeltsin, Putin and Medvedev as presidents.Chapter six is the effect assessment of foreign trade strategy adjustment in Russian transition periods. The implementation effects are analyzed from the aspects of the trade scale, structure of imports and exports, and the industrial structure upgrade. The evaluation is made from the perspective of positive and negative effects.Chapter seven is the tendency of Russian foreign trade strategy. The idea of Russian high-tech-oriented export strategy is summarized. The analysis of beneficial and unfavorable factors after the realization of the conception is made, and the future trend of Russian foreign trade development strategy is forecasted.Chapter eight is the current situations and suggestions for Sino-Russian trade. This part has mainly presented the current situations and problems in Sino-Russian trade, as well as the dominant factors that affect the development of Sino-Russian trade. Most of all, the opportunities and challenges brought since Russia became a member of WTO are analyzed; and favorable suggestions to bilateral trades are put forward.