The Operating Mechanism Design Of Crowdsourcing Community Innovation

Along with the competition becoming stronger and stronger, companies have to continually explore and create new approaches to innovation, and the development of the Internet provides the tools for enterprises to innovate in a lager scope. More and more enterprises have accepted and advocated the open innovation based on the Internet, and they have developed a variety of innovation platforms. Howe defined this as crowdsourcing in 2006, which is a way of cooperative innovation participated by public and based on the Internet. It refers that a company or organization outsources the work which is performed by the employees to the non-directional public through the network. These tasks can be developing a new technology, accomplish a new design, improving an algorithm or analyzing the huge amounts of data, etc. The whole process can be done in the crowd-sourcing community. On the basis of literature review and analysis, this paper uses the theory deduction and model to study the operating mechanism of crowd-sourcing community innovation.According to the business process of crowd-sourcing, the operation mainly includes three business, the contractee publishing the tasks and scheme optimization of the business, the business design of the outsourcee and uploading business, and the management of crowd-sourcing platform.Task distribution and scheme optimization of the business is primarily that the contractees publish the innovation projects on network platform, and the core of the business is setting reasonable parameters for the tasks (e.g., bonuses, deadline, mission requirements, etc.).It mainly involves how to set the bonus, the design of task difficulty; The core of business design of the outsourcee and uploading business is the quality of the scheme, which mainly involves the effort level and the investment for innovation of the outsourcee. The core of the management of crowd-sourcing platform is related to risk prevention, which mainly involves identity authentication, credit evaluation and rewards and punishment mechanism.According to the business process of crowdsourcing and integrating the existing research results, this paper analyzes the operating mechanism of crowd-sourcing community particularly, which mainly includes the design of incentive mechanism, the design of business process optimization and the design risk management mechanism.With respect to the design of incentive mechanism, the existing researches analyze crowd-sourcing community from the perspective of the motivation of the participants. On the basis of empirical analysis, researchers have explored influence factors for the participants to take a part in crowd-sourcing, and put forward the corresponding incentive measures based on the specific influence factors. In addition, there are also some scholars both at home and abroad using the "reverse auction theory" and "principal-agent theory" to analysis by constructing models. At last, they come to the conclusion that linear pricing of the remuneration package is superior to the fixed compensation. On the basis of existing researches, this paper put forward a new kind of crowd-sourcing community innovation incentive mechanism design model based on linear variable pay, which is better than constant linear compensation.In the design of crowd-sourcing community innovation, this paper objectivises the effort level of outsourcee as the innovation input of outsourcee, namely the input of innovation experience and spare time. And by a simple linear function for sum, this paper analyzes the contractee’s optimal bid and the strategy of task distribution under the condition that the outsourcees have innovation experience and spare time, and optimize the business process of crowd-sourcing community innovation. Lastly, the research puts forward necessity of task decomposition and the diversified operation strategy of crowd-sourcing platform, and optimizes the process of crowd-sourcing community innovation.The core business of crowd-sourcing community platform operation management is the prevention of innovation risk. This paper demonstrates the risk of crowd-sourcing platform operation through analysis method in game theory, and put forward two-stage access system design, two-stage crowd-sourcing scheme selection mechanism, multilateral reputation evaluation mechanism and the design of rewards and punishments.Following is the main research work and achievements:The second chapter summarizes the existing literature about crowd-sourcing both at home and abroad, and analyzes the shortcomings of the existing researches. Based on this, this paper puts forward the research direction of this article and expounds the difference between this paper and the existing researches.The third chapter studies the remuneration incentive mechanism design of crowd-sourcing community innovation under diversified compensation strategy. The article analyzes the incentive mechanism with fixed compensation and incentive coefficient and fluctuant compensation and incentive coefficient by using a model. The result founds that whatever kind of incentive measures the contractees take, the crowd-sourcing community also can select the best outsourcee with high technology for the contractee. Crowd-sourcing innovation can bring innovative solutions with higher technical quality for enterprises, which is beneficial for the enterprises; compared with single payment condition, the outsourcee with high technology will get higher expected utility under diversified compensation, while the general outsourcee will get the same expected utility under the two conditions. Diversified compensation incentive can make a difference to outsourcee with high technology, while has no influence on general outsourcee. Contractee can attract many outsources with high technology by taking diversified compensation incentive measures.The fourth chapter studies how to optimize the process of innovation in crowd-sourcing community considering the input of outsources. The outsources’input for innovation mainly includes two aspects, one is creative experience for innovation, and the other is spare time. The former can be looked as knowledge capital of the outsourcee, the later can be looked as innovative labor input, and they can be used to distinguish the difference between outsources. By building the simplified linear production function, this article concluded that when the scheme needs more time than the spare time the outsourcee has, the outsourcee will choose to give up to take a part in the crowd-sourcing project; If the amount of crowd-sourcing project is high, the network mass will decrease who can participate in the project. Therefore, it is necessary to broke the entire innovation project into several simple modules, give them appropriate amount, and scatter the design of crowd-sourcing innovation; In the process of crowd-sourcing community innovation, when n is very big, only if the influence of the random variables on the outsourcee is greater than the influence brought by the input of spare time, outsourcee can get a optimal benefits from the innovation project. The practical significance of this way is that the achievement of innovation is highly affected by the subjective evaluation, and some difficult innovation tasks can get solved through crowd-sourcing community innovation.The fifth chapter studies the risk management mechanism of the crowdsourcing community innovation. There are several risks, for example, the identification risk of innovators, the credit risk of the participants, the risk of intellectual property protection and so on. This article has analyzed the access system of crowd-sourcing community innovation, the mechanism of scheme selection, the mechanism of credit evaluation and the mechanism of rewards and punishment. At last, it puts forward a specific operational solution:two-stage access system design; the combination of self-assessment and his review for the outsourcee; the mechanism of multilateral mutual credit evaluation in the crowd-sourcing community; the platform of third-party online dispute processing and third-party trusteeship.The sixth chapter is the full text summary and outlook. This chapter has summarized the main contents and conclusions of the full text, and stated its heory contribution, then combining with the enterprise practice it points out this paper make sense for crowd-sourcing community innovation in management practice, finally it points out some limitations existing in the research and the prospect for future research.This paper has gotten some meaningful conclusions, and is helpful for enriching and expanding the related research results of the crowd-sourcing community innovation.