Identity Inheritance And Reproduction Of Worker:Study On The Evolution Process Of Replacement Job System

In the perspective of social transition, there are two different study approaches: reproduction of labor force and remarking of the working class. The former concerned about that intergenerational reproduction of labor resource and the shaping of labor market on the background of globalization. The latter concerned on the process of class consciousness and action’s remarking in the group of traditional industrial workers and new works, which taking place in the process of the transformation in socialist state has double background: the dissolution of class entity in the era of collectivism, and disappearance of class discourse since the reform. If put the two issues on the organizational framework of state-owned enterprises at the same time, we will find: the problem of reproduction of labor force is related to the continuation of the internal labor force in state-owned enterprises in the premise of the continuity of the political system, while, the problem of remarking of the working class is touch the transformations of unit identity right and institutional structure in the progress of social transition. The former is concerned with the traditional state system and unit mechanism, and the latter is concerned with the shaping process of market mechanism to workers which separated from the unit. Investigate the essence, the former is more concerned about the state and unit(Danwei), but the latter is more concerned about the market and community. Our study is an expansion and propulsion under the first kind of logic.The starting analytical point of this paper is replacement job system which had began to implement since 1950.Using the method of historical sociology to investigate the five stages of replacement job system, to reveal the key variables of labor reproduction and labor institutional change, further more, which reveal the unique mechanism of the transformation of Chinese labor. The paper found that the labor relations in the state-owned enterprises take the iron rice bowl and work unit welfare system as the core, and take the collectivism form which character paternalism. In this dependency structure, the basic unit that the state takes care of is not a worker, but a worker family, including the worker’s parents, brother, sister and children. Under the integration of paternalism welfare mechanism, the replacement job system was an important way of the labor force reproduction in the period of collectivism. Even the replacement job system is completed in the organization, but it main reflect a "national behavior". With the in-depth reform of market, the State Council formally abolished the replacement job system in 1986. However, as the unit(Danwei) welfare form, not only many enterprises and institutions were flexible reservation, this unique system of employment also has been used so far in some sectors.In recent years,reports of common about ‘internal recruitment’ in the state-owned enterprises, ‘hereditary system of state-owned enterprises’, ‘succession in disguise’ even ‘direct displacement job’. According to these reports, the paper introduces ‘the scarcity of labor identity’ to analyze the whole process of replacement job system and the unique mechanism of reproduction of labor power. The article finds that the key variables that affect the inter generational reproduction of the internal labor force in the state-owned enterprises are the scarcity of ‘labor identity’. From Marx’s theory of reproduction, the inter generational reproduction of labor is included in the connotation of the reproduction of labor, that is, the life materials required to raise the next generation of workers. Marx studied the reproduction of labor through the perspective of labor conflict. Workers in this structure are a synonym for exploitation, and the identity of the bottom workers is not scarce. But under the premise of the continuity of the Chinese political system, whether ‘the leading class’ and ‘the owner of the enterprises’ before the Reform and Opening-up, or the state-owned enterprises workers which have high wages after the reform of property rights, the scarcity of identity is universal. The scarcity of identity means continuation of a privilege mechanism. In the background of labor market has been relatively perfect, replacement job system in the state-owned enterprises obviously neither conform to the direction of the state-owned enterprises in the new period, nor conform to the market mechanism and rules of fair competition. The form of employment that seemed to be illegal and not conform to the principles of efficiency, but the form conform to the "internal legitimacy" of the organization.