The Impacts Of New Trade Protectionism On The Economies Of Transitional Countries

With the development of economic globalization, countries have participated more actively in international economic and trade which enhanced international trade significantly. The trade liberalization is overwhelming. However, there are still more and more economic and non-economic factors that contribute to trade protectionism using repeated prohibitions and even more aggravated and newer tools which hindered the process of economic globalization and trade liberalization.New trade protectionism is the inheritance and development of traditional trade protectionism which bandoned the traditional tariff measures whereas non-tariff measures are used more frequently and even derived more concealed measures and forms in the process of economic globalization. Along with the advancement of economic globalization, it also began to form financial protectionism and investment protectionism in the field of international finance and international investment, which makes the connotation of the new trade protectionism more widely.The development of new trade protectionism derives from the traditional trade protection theory, and is closely related to the modern theory of economic and trade. With the prevalent in today’s liberal economic and trade rules, the concealment of new trade protectionism also determines trade protection can still be popular.Economic transition of transitional countries coincides with economic globalization and almost simultaneously. Transitional countries, in the process of participation in economic globalization, achieved to varying degrees of economic development and social progress. From this aspect, transitional countries are the beneficiaries of economic globalization. But there is no denying the fact that participate in economic globalization also bring different degrees of negative impacts to transitional countries, such as Russia rely heavily on international markets and its major trading partners, the unreasonable industry structure cased by relying on its comparative advantage in economic globalization, threatened industrial security and trade security,etc.The new trade protectionism is a double-edged sword for transitional countries. The rapid development of new trade protectionism in economic globalization, to some degree, accelerates transitional countries’ economies, however, the negative impacts on economic development of transitional countries are more serious. Moreover, with the continuous development of new trade protectionism, it will still bring great challenges and threats to transitional countries’ economies. Therefore, how to treat the new trade protectionism, to break it effectively and to draw on advantages and avoid disadvantages, dealing with challenges, has become a significant issue in transitional countries. This article takes China and Russia as examples to analyze the development of new trade protectionism, its impacts on transitional countries’economies, and put forward the corresponding countermeasures.This article is divided into seven chapters:The first chapter is introduction, which is mainly expounding the significance of this topic, the research status at domestic and overseas, research design, main content and the innovation of the research.The second chapter systematically arranges the traditional trade protection theory and new trade protection theory, which establishes theoretical foundation for latter analysis.The third chapter deals with development of new trade protectionism under the background of economic globalization. This chapter analyzes relationship between new trade protectionism and trade liberalization, investment liberation, and financial liberation. Since the 1990s, when the tide of economic globalization swept across the whole world, new trade protectionism also become popular in the field of trade. The international financial crisis aroused by America implementing financial liberalization, makes new trade protectionism further and protection form also present new characteristics and trends. In the development process of investment and production globalization, investment protectionism is increasingly prevalent and shows the characteristics of legalization, politicized, etc. However, economic globalization,as the inevitable trend of world economic development, will not be changed for the existence and development of new trade protectionism.The fourth chapter mainly analyzes the promoting significance of new trade protectionism to transitional countries’ economy. The continuous development and variation of new trade protectionism can influence the world’s economy and trade, especially for transitional countries. This chapter mainly analyzes the promoting significance of new trade protectionism, as an external pressure,to economic development of transitional countries. Emphasizing on the promoting role of new trade protectionism for further deepen the reform of economic system in transitional countries, as well as the dynamic trade interests that transitional countries get under influence of new trade protectionism. This article believe that under external pressure of new trade protectionism, to a certain extent, transitional countries can achieve technology progress, foreign trade structure and industrial structure optimization, and so on.The fifth chapter is analyzing the negative impacts and challenges of new trade protectionism on transitional countries. The negative effects of new trade protectionism on the transitional countries’economies are various.In the respect of destroying equal opportunity of trade interests, new trade protectionism influences the implementation of trade liberalization in transitional countries and it also has serious negative effects on economic security of transitional countries in the respects of economic decision-making security, trade and market environment safety, and industrial safety, etc. Moreover, negative impacts of financial crisis on the national economies of transitional countries also aggravated due to new trade protectionism.More than that, new trade protectionism will bring a series of challenges for transitional countries’ economic development, which includes the challenges that "carbon tariffs" which is about to start,bring to transitional countries’ competitive advantages and development of high carbon industry, etc., includes the challenges that "double reverse" investigations and the protection of intellectual property rights bring to the development of emerging industries in transitional countries, it also includes the challenges that group of regional economic and trade bring to the development of economic and trade in transitional countries.The sixth chapter puts forward the countermeasures of transitional countries cope with new trade protectionism.This chapter considers that:firstly, both from the development law of the world economy, and from China and Russia’s transitional power characteristics, transitional countries should have a correct understanding of new trade protectionism. Secondly, transitional countries must make some necessary improvement and adjustment from the respects of system defect, unreasonable economy structure, scarcity of technology innovation ability, and enterprises’ lack of competitive power, etc. Specifically, the government of transitional countries needs to accelerate reform of the market economy, set up reasonable economic security strategy, and promote upgrading of the industrial structure, especially to speed up the development of low carbon industry.And enterprises, as the important participant of economic globalization, should lay emphasis on the breakthrough of the core technology, change of management concept, industry upgrading and the improvement of management level.Chapter seven is conclusion which summarizes the findings of the current study and gives implications.The degree of transitional countries participate in economic globalization will be deepened and new trade protectionism will also continue to exist and develop. In this situation, to properly deal with the challenges and impacts of new trade protectionism on the economy, it has great strategic significance for the transitional countries achieve healthy and sustainable development of its economy. Among them, the government should accelerate reform of the economic system, and accelerate the upgrading of industrial structure, pay attention to the development of strategic emerging industries, but also to avoid excessive intervention in the economy. And enterprises, as the main part of microeconomic, should pay attention to the breakthrough of the core technology, the change of management concept, and the improvement of management level.