Research On Human Capital Accumulation In The Background Of China 's Manufacturing Transformation

The manufacturing industry is the pillar of the national economy. Our country has become a big manufacturing country via its labor intensive industry. However, with the industrial revolution in recent years, China sees necessity to square up to the new transformation and upgrading strategies in manufacturing of other countries, as well as the acceleration accumulation and global competitions of human capitals. China’s industrialization and urbanization process is under the progressive stage, and the extensive industrial output, at the base of high-speed and unbalanced development of farming society, fails to meet people’s increasing demand, calling for transformation from extensive growth to intensive growth mode and from low-end to high-end industrial upgrade. Faced to the new industrial revolution in developed countries, and compared to the development of developing countries such as India, Chinese economic development conforms to the general laws of catching-up-oriented developing economy. Transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing sector is not only an inevitable stage of China’s industrialization development, but also the urgent problems in the development of the new economic norm. The transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry has the realistic foundation, which can also solve development dilemma, and has shown a good trend of transformation and upgrading. A matched accelerating accumulation of human capital is the first imperative of the moment. The development of manufacturing industry requires not only the accumulation of talents capable of launching technological innovations and of managerial human capitals, but more importantly, the establishment of an abundant skilled technical labor force who are adaptable to meet the requirements of the development stage of industrialization of the manufacturing industry. Not like most previous researches, which emphasized mainly on the innovation and technology talents and the entrepreneurship, this thesis focuses on the accumulation of a huge group of skilled manufacturing labor force, who are the foundation of a country with a global manufacturing power.Based on the theories of economic growth and development, political economy of Marxism and human capitals, the thesis describes the insight meaning, the nature and the classification of human capitals, and analyzes the policy, the mode and the path of human capital accumulation in manufacturing.Transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing is line with the industrial evolution of the manufacturing industry, and is the inevitable trend of development of China’s industrialization. Being the core of the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing power, the accumulation of human capital, with both spillover effects and increasing marginal revenue effects, can not only promote the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry, but also address a range of issues related to achieving long-term economic growth. Discussions in this part further define the perspectives and meanings of the issues.Based on human capital demand analysis and the large amount of data, the thesis analyzes human capital accumulation before and after the reform and opening up from the angle of labor force supply, and compares that in China’s manufacturing industry, and concludes that:China has initially formed a market model of a human capital accumulation, but problems still exist in manufacturing industry, which, by analyzing from macro to micro level progressive, confirm to be the lack of total investment in education and training of human capital accumulation in the manufacturing industry, structural imbalances, and problems existing in accumulation mode and operation mechanism, esp. deficiency of technical skills of the human capitals in the manufacturing industry. According to the existing problems, the thesis also analyzes specific factors that impact human capital accumulation of manufacturing industry, including, at the macro level, policy-and-resource-oriented factors and culture and value view factors, and at the micro level, incentive mechanism and the manpower capital management problem with enterprises, and education orientation and structural problems.The existing manufacturing human capital accumulation not only fails to form a huge reasonable skill structured manufacturing labor force, but also faces with the change of manufacturing industry transformation and upgrading. This thesis adopts both theoretical and empirical approaches as well as qualitative and quantitative combined methods, to analyze the changes in quantity, structure and quality of human capital demands caused by China’s manufacturing industry transformation and upgrading, studies the demands of a higher-level human capital in the manufacturing industry and calculate the statistics with Grey Correlation. Compared to the models of human capital accumulation in Germany, the United States, Japan and other countries, and based on the relevant research results at home and abroad, this thesis analyzes human capital accumulation before and after the reform and opening up from the angle of labor force supply, and compares that in China’s manufacturing industry, and concludes that: China has initially formed a market model of a human capital accumulation, but problems still exist in manufacturing industry, which, by analyzing from macro to micro level progressive, confirm to be the lack of total investment in education and training of human capital accumulation in the manufacturing industry, structural imbalances, and problems existing in accumulation mode and operation mechanism, esp. deficiency of technical skills of the human capitals in the manufacturing industry. According to the existing problems, the thesis also analyze specific factors that impact human capital accumulation of manufacturing industry, including, at the macro level, policy-and-resource-oriented factors and culture and value view factors, and at the micro level, incentive mechanism and the manpower capital management problem with enterprises, and education orientation and structural problems.Transformation and upgrading of China’s manufacturing needs the top-level design of the Government, with the instruction of which, a dual-subject-based (which are the school and the enterprise) accumulation mode of human capitals in manufacturing industry is to be formed. Under the guidance of the country, manufacturing industry is clear about its status, sees an upgrade trend, and according to the theory of human capital accumulation, form a reasonable incentive mechanism to carry out special human capitals, human capital management and manufacture fine and competitive products. Education reform should not only consider the path of long-term national industrial development needs and industrialization, but also explore the establishment of professional mechanism and dynamic adjustment of industry cooperation according to the actual need to upgrade the manufacturing industry transformation.In the process of industrialization of manufacturing industry development, China need to accumulate its human capitals. No matter the new normal economic transformation and sustainable growth, or the supply side structural reform to pull and meet new consumer demand, it requires the support and promotion of human capitals. Study on promoting manufacturing industry transformation and upgrading at the basis of human capital accumulation has profound theoretical and practical significance.