The Research On Ecological Security Assessment In Mountain Forest Park

Forest tourism has become the main eco-tourism form because of their high-quality forest landscape and environmental resources as the main resources. However, with the rapid development of forest tourism, its environmental problems is becoming more evident, the eco-environment and sustainable development of forest tourism have been seriously threaten and challenged. It is the key for sustainable development of forest tourism to improve the eco-environmental protection technology and management level, and to carry out ecological security assessment and management for forest park.In the past, research on environmental impact assessment of forest tourism just analyzed tourism activities how to impact on the air, water, vegetation, rubbish, noise, soil, wildlife and other natural eco-environmental factors and evaluate their changes. However, almost no scholars carried out comprehensive evaluation together with the natural, economic, social and cultural impact of tourism, based on a whole security of tourism eco-system.The wide research objects have been involved in region ecological security assessment, but only a few researches have done researches on the ecological security of tourism destination. At the same time, a complete index system and methods about security assessment in tourism destination has not yet been put forward. Research on ecological security assessment in forest park is also a blank space.For the above-mentioned reasons, by combining the theory with research methods in tourism ecology, environmental science and other subjects, by combining qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis; by combining the theoretical research with empirical research, in-depth research on the assessment index of ecological security in mountain forst park in China was carried out, and evaluation methodology of being favorable handle ability was put forward, and empirical research to prove the reasonableness of the theory as an case of Zhangjiajie national forest Park and corresponding management countermeasures were carried out. The main ideas and innovation are as follows:(1) The theoretical basis of ecological security assessment in forest park has been put forward. On the base of in-deepth analyzing other researches on the ecological security theory and combining with the character which forest park is tourism area, sustainable development theory, environmental impact assessment theory, ecological system theory was put forward as theoretical basis of ecological security assessment in forest park. Sustainable development is the ideological foundation of security assessment theory; Environmental impact assessment theory would forecast and control the disadvantageous environmental impact and results of the proposed development plan and decision from the perspective of sustainable development, and it is also a method to realize sustainable development of tourism based on eco-environment conservation; Ecosystem theory need to take into account comprehensively the change such as eco-environment, economic and social factors caused by tourism development and utilization on the impact degree of eco-tourism system security from the perspective of ecosystem.(2) The major constraint factors to affect the ecological security assessment of mountain forest parks were analyzed. Based on analyzing the main influencing factors of ecological security for forest parks combining with the main character of mountain forest parks, be concluded that the main constraints factors including natural and man-made factors, of which natural factors include in forest fire, forest pests, forest meteorological and geological disasters, air pollution, surface water pollution, waste pollution, noise pollution; man-made factors include in the increasing pressure of tourists receipts, the water pressure of the balance between the supply and demand, the interference of of the ecological system due to tourism development, invasive species, forests and vegetation damage, the degree of perfection for ecological education system, handling intensity of "three wastes", degree of perfection for environmental management system, the degree of perfection of legal system and community management level.(3)Assessment index system of ecological security in mountain forest park has been established. According to the corresponding construction principle, comprehensive methods including literature and frequency particle, expert consultation, open talk and workshops for senior experts were used, after four rounds of discussion, the ecological security assessment index system in mountain forest park including21indexes such as the intensity of tourist receipt were built up.(4) The ecological security assessment criteria and the evaluation standard for the classification level in mountain forest park were put forward. Based on analysis of the ecological security assessment criteria, evaluation criteria and classification level of the evaluation standards with practical operation and suit for the management for ecological security were put forward. (5) The ecological security situation of the Wenzhou forest parks was analyzed. It is not optimistic about the status quo of ecological security, of which only Huayan national forest park of the ecological security is in the "security", the rest of the parks are in the "insecurity".(6) Empirical research on Zhangjiajie national forest park has been carried out。 Empirical research on Zhangjiajie national forest park has been carried out with the method above-mentioned of ecological security assessment, then the main impact factors of the ecological security were analyzed, strategies of ecological management were also put forward.The above research achievement on ecological security assessment in forest park is of important theoretical significance which perfect and enrich the research theory of ecological security assessment, and broaden the research field of environmental impact assessment and enrich the tourism ecology and forest tourism discipline by doing some researches on the eco-environmental protection in forest tourism areas in China from the perspective of ecological security; In addition, the research result will provide scientific basis for eco-environmental protection and ecological security management in forest parks and forest tourism areas in China, therefore it is of great realistic significance to guide the sustainable development of forest tourism in China.