Research On Historical Evolution And Integrated Design Of Ecovillage Development

Ecovillages are the living mode and residential community typology which have been appearing and growing from late 20th century. Ecovillages were growing self-consciously in different region, in a specific social and economic background. After the western industrialization and economic recessionary, people started to rethink about the urban expanding, resource over-consumption, ecological deterioration, and social isolation. With the green movement and commune living growing, ecovillage was born at the right moment in self-organized community and cooperative living. As the latest form of intentional community, ecovillage is a kind of community which combined ecological, social and spiritual sustainability.Firstly, the paper placed the ecovillage in a wider intentinal community and analysed the ecovillage origin and venation from earlier intentional community (religion and spiritual community, utopian community, agricultural cooperative community), modern community movement (camphill community, hippie and back-to-the-land community, cohousing), and 3 stages of ecovillage development after 1960s. Based on permaculture, cohousing and spiritual ecovillage, paper concluded the 3 motivations of ecovillage growing: ecologial, social, and spiritual motivations.Then, based on the motivations and integrated design thoughts of Gilman, Dawson and Jackson, paper gave the ecovillage integrated design framework ecologically, socially and spiriturally, and illustrated the permaculture, group behavior, and psychology theory,in order to form the complete integrated design system.And more, based on the concret practices of ecovillages, paper concluded the practice strategy of integrated design system. As the ecological in harmony, democratic sharing, spiritual condensation, ecovillages effectively utilize resources, public participative organization, strongthen the spiritual glue, and become the demonstration of modern sustainable community integraed development.Finally, the paper gave a typical German ecovillage ZEGG and Zhenshan ecovillage project of China as case study, analysed ZEGG and Zhenshan in integrated design system, concluded the experience and realization of these sustainable practices and gave a comparation. Furthermore, paper looked forward the countermeasures of China ecovillages development under the new rural communities construction.