| The pea(Pisum sativum L.) was an important food, vegetable and feeding mixture-purposed crop, with cold and drought and barren tolerant or other characteristics, it had the wide distribution in the world because of its strong ability to adapt, the broad geographical distribution and diversification of habitat conditions forming rich genetic diversity. The powdery mildew of pea caused by Erysiphe pisi was the one of the most serious diseases of pea, the most economic and effective measures of prevention and control the disease was selecting resistant varieties, the varieties resistance identification was the basic of selecting resistant varieties. The study on the basic of investigation and measure the pea germplasm resources phenotypic character, through the statistical analysis method, research the genetic diversity of traits, and further application ISSR markers, discuss the pea germplasm resources of genetic diversity and paternity. At the same time, make a detailed investigation of pea's powdery mildew in the field on natural, and take the further indoor inoculating artificially identification to the resistance materials, on this basis, research the physiological changes of different varieties of powdery mildew resistance pea before and after inoculated. The main research results were as follows:1. Through analysis to20phenotypes of120pea materials, the results showed that:the pea germplasm resources variation form was very rich, the average coefficient of variation was32.68%, and the average diversity index was1.071. The results of variance analysis showed that the material had significant or very significant difference, the domestic and foreign community significantly different. Principal component analysis showed that, the first six main composition accumulation contribution rate reached80.369%.120material place for2categories in genetic distance of56.59, the clustering results divided south and north materials into2kinds, one kind of main materials for the north, the second type of main materials for the south, but also have individual materials cross appear, its clustering figure position remains relatively close, it showed that system clustering results from the geographical source material had big effect.2. Set up the technical analysis of pea ISSR system, optimized ISSR-PCR amplification system on pea in five factors. The most suitable ISSR-PCR system for pea was established, namely20μL reaction system containing15ng DNA template,0.15mmol/L dNTP,0.5μmol/L ISSR primer,1U Taq DNA Polymerase, the suitable annealing temperature of primer842is50℃. Amplificative thermal reaction program suitable for the ISSR-PCR analysis in the Pisum sativum was devised as followings:one preliminary denaturation at94℃for3min;34cycles each involved at94℃for30s, anneal at50℃for30s, extended at72℃for45s; and a final extension at72℃for10min, and keeping final products at4℃3. The genetic diversity of the73materials of Pisum sativum from both at home and abroad were analyed by ISSR marker, the results showed that:11primers were selected from100primers which have the clearly and polymorphic bands, a total of91bands were obtained by73materials, including78polymorphism bands.On average, each primer amplification site for8.2and the polymorphism percentage was86.4%. Shannon's index was0.4202in average and the number of effective alleles was1.4518, the genetic similarity coefficient ranged from0.4065to0.9340and showed rich genetic diversity. Use groups by UPGMA cluster analysis to the genetic similarity coefficient0.52for boundaries,73materials was divided into five types, clustering basic accord with geographical origin of close materials for a class together, has a certain regional distribution.4. In order to make full use of disease-resistant peas germplasm resources, the study tested the resistance of pea to powdery mildew in field natural of535pea resources from international and domestic in2009-2011.The result showed that one variety was high resistant, accounting for0.19%of the total number of appraisal; two varieties showed resistance, accounting for0.37%of the total;17varieties showed middle resistance, accounting for3.18%;60varieties showed middle susceptible, accounting for11.12%;434varieties showed susceptible, accounting for81.12%;21varieties showed high susceptible, accounting for3.93%. The resistance indoor was consistent with it in field except4middle resistance varieties through the indoor inoculation identification of20varieties which have showed resistance in field.5. Through to research the resistance related enzyme activity change and soluble sugar, soluble protein and chlorophyll content change of different resistant varieties of pea powdery mildew before and after inoculation, the results showed that:in pea's powdery mildew resisitance response enzyme which related defense, PAL, SOD and CAT activities change had obviously positive correlation with pea's powdery mildew resistance, POD and PPO had no obvious correlation with pea's powdery mildew. After inoculation, the PAL, SOD and CAT in disease-resistant varieties had significant enzyme activity greater than susceptible varieties. In related resistance material, soluble protein and chlorophyll content had obviously positive correlation with variety resistance, soluble sugar content had negatively correlated with variety resistance. After inoculation, disease-resistant varieties of soluble protein and the chlorophyll content was significantly higher than the susceptible varieties.
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