Study On Comprehensive Utilization Of Schisandra Chinensis (Turcz.) Baill

Schisandra chinensis Baill is a deciduous woody vine native to forests ofnorthern China and the Russian Far East. The plant likes some shade with moist,well-drained soil. The species itself is dioecious, thus flowers on a female plantwill only produce fruit when fertilized with pollen from a male plant. ItsChinese name comes from the fact that its berries possess all five basic flavors:salty, sweet, sour, pungent (spicy), and bitter. Sometimes it is more specificallycalled to distinguish it from another traditionally medicinal schisandraceaeplant Kadsura japonica that grows only in subtropical areas. Another variant ofschizandra berry is that of Schisandra Sphenanthera which has a similar butdifferent biochemical profile; the Chinese pharmacopoeia distinguishes betweenSchisandra Chinensis and Schisandra Sphenanthera.This paper extracts Schisandra seed oil using petroleum ether as theextraction solvent most preferably at the extraction temperature of 60℃for 60min, and the extraction solvent is most preferably diluted to 4 times.Composition of main fatty acid in the Schisandra seed oil is: 2.63% ofpalmitic acid, 16.32% of oleic acid, 75.21% of linoleic acid and 0.7% oflinolenic acid.In the process of preparing biodiesel, generally carbon chain length of theadopted oils most preferably falls within the range of 16-20. Fatty acids mainlyexist in the Schisandra seed oil in the form of C18, where content of the linoleicacid is highest (achieving 75.21%). In respect of the molecular structure,straight carbon chain is dominant, applicable to the raw material for biodiesel.Through orthogonal experiment of the single factor and response surface,the best extraction process in the technology of preparing biodiesel throughcatalysis of the Schisandra seed oil using the acid extraction method isdetermined as follows: molar ratio of oleyl alcohol: 1:6.2, reaction temperature:66℃, consumption of catalyst: 2.2%, reaction time: 140min, biodiesel yield:96.13%.Research of the refining technology of biodiesel shows that the besttechnological conditions for refining are as follows: crude biodiesel is discolored with the addition of 3% active floridin at the temperature of 90℃for20min. It is discovered that with the increase of the active floridin consumption,the biodiesel gradually turns from red to faint yellow.Composition of main fatty acid methyl ester in the biodiesel is: 2.77% ofpalmitic acid methyl ester, 17.43% of oleic acid methyl ester and 73.78% oflinoleic acid methyl ester.Through orthogonal experiment of the single factor and response surface,the best extraction process in the technology of preparing biodiesel throughcatalysis of the Schisandra seed oil using the ANL-CSAC extraction method isdetermined as follows: molar ratio of oleyl alcohol: 1:2.3, reaction temperature:37.5℃, consumption of catalyst: 24%, reaction time: 16h, biodiesel yield: 63.2%.Composition of main fatty acid methyl ester in the biodiesel is: 2.75% ofpalmitic acid methyl ester, 17.73% of oleic acid methyl ester and 74.58% oflinoleic acid methyl ester.Theoretically, the molar ratio of oleyl alcohol required in the esterexchange reaction is 1:3, but when methanol is excessive, such methanol willhave toxic action on the lipase and deactivate the lipase, thereby significantlyreducing the yield of fatty acid methyl ester prepared from Schisandra seed oil.Therefore, the lipase is protected through addition of 8ml of Tert-butyl alcohol(organic phase solution) to the reaction system, so as to reduce the toxic actionof methanol.Through orthogonal experiment of the single factor and response surface,the best extraction process in the technology of preparing biodiesel throughcatalysis of the Schisandra seed oil using the ANL-CSAC extraction method isdetermined as follows: molar ratio of oleyl alcohol: 1:3.5, reaction temperature: 40℃,consumption of catalyst: 19.6%, reaction time: 11h, biodiesel yield: 90.5%.Composition of main fatty acid methyl ester in the biodiesel is: 2.84% ofpalmitic acid methyl ester, 17.29% of oleic acid methyl ester and 74.66% of linoleicacid methyl ester.Inspection of the standard of biodiesel prepared from Schisandra seed oil showsthat the biodiesel prepared from Schisandra seed oil conforms to the national standard.This paper first extracts the biodiesel prepared from Schisandra pectin using thelow-temperature ultrasonic extraction process and traditional acid extraction process. Compared with the traditional acid extraction process, the low-temperature ultrasonicextraction process is characterized by little pollution, fast extraction and high yield.The best technological conditions for extraction of Schisandra pectin obtained throughexperimental analysis are as follows: ultrasonic power: 200w, extraction temperature:65℃, extraction time: 50min, solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:30, the addition amount ofethanol: 3 times. Under these technological conditions, the yield of Schisandra pectinis 6.32%, and not only the extraction time is reduced, but also the extraction yield ofpectin is higher than that with the acid extraction method.Main content of this research is to analyze the seedcase and seed shell ofSchisandra fruit and crystal structure of its embryo cell wall cellulose using theFourier transform infrared spectrum and X-ray diffraction analysis technique, anddiscuss the correlation between seedcase, seed shell and embryo.