| The test had conlected the most germplasm that cultivated in the walnut production areasof China, and had investigated13morphological growth index,5economical qualities of nuts,measured the DNA marker, analyzed the difference of growth,the nut qualities,the coldresistance physiological changes, and ecological adaptability, and comprehensively evaluedand choosed the relatively fine germplasm for production. The main results were as follows:1. Morphological traits of walnut and qualities of kernel were measured and analyzedamong the12different original. The result show that walnut in China have very rich diversityof morphological and economic traits. The CV of13main Morphological index is range from2.8%to19.1%which indicated the difference of the traits from the different original. The CVof DBH, the thickness of leaf, the lateral fruit bud percentage, the average branch lenth, andthe yield are more than10%. The CV of5economical index is range from9.7-37.14%Thecorrelation between tree DBH, the thickness of leaf, the lateral fruit bud percentage and theyield are significant(p<0.05〉). According to yeild analysis shows it is difference of growthtraits of walnut and qualities of kernel form different original, and also reflects the broadlygeographic distribution of walnut depend on soil and other climate facters.2. In order to analyse the relatedness and the genetic diversity among germplasm in Sect.Juglans by SSR markers, the experiment use16SSR primer pairs to amplify SSR fragmentsof44samples of Juglans regia from different ecological types,8samples of J. sigillata, and7cultivars of Amerian walnut. The16pairs of SSR primers has generated87alleles,whichaveraged5.4. The observed heterozygosity(Ho) of16SSR loci ranged from0.000to0.931,which averaged0.3894. The value of PIC ranged from0.3953to0.7472, which averaged0.6632. The heterozygosity of59Sect. Juglans samples ranged from0.133to0.813, andaveraged0.387. It showed that the heterozygosity of Sect. Juglans samples was low. In thedendrogram, The walnut samples from Qinling Mountain and those from Huabei shouldbelong to the same ecological type. Wild walnut samples from Gongliu county, Xinjiangshould belong to the one absolute ecological type, which was different from Xinjiang ecological type and Huabei ecological type. The American walnuts and J. sigillata, should bedifferent ecological type in J. regia.3. The activity of protective enzymes, soluble sugar, and other cold resistance index ofwalnut types from Yunnan, Sichuan,Shaanxi and Xinjiang were studied under the naturetemperature change condition. The range of cold resistance of geographical type of walnut areas follows: Xinjiang＞Shaanxi＞Sichuan＞Yunnan. The membership degree value fromWensu, Xinjiang showed more higher than that from other region, which can explan that thecold resistance from Xinjiang is much higher than from other region.4.The traits and genetic parameter evaluation index shows that all of the selective walnuttypes accomplished normal growth in the test plot in Luonan, Shaanxi, and easily adapted tothe Shaanxi conditions similar to the original. The growth the height were great different fromthe diameter of the walnut in the vegetative growth and fruiting. The production stabilityvalue from high to low is:A2, A3, A1, A5, A7, A9, A6, A4, A8. The yield will be stable fromthe canopy closed. The leaf area and other photosynthetic index also be different form walnuttypes. Using the methode of principal component analysis, better walnut types which wereadapt to cultivating in Luonan,Shaanxi were selected, and the selections increased benefitsrange from10.68%~31.67%in average.
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