Study On Inheritance Of Nuts And Elite Trees Selection Of Walnut ( Juglans Regia L.)

Walnut(Juglans regia L.)is an important nut and an oil-woody plant,Juglans regia L. is the traditional nut food of the world, which contains many species of acid,fat,unsaturated fatty acid, carbohydrates,and Vitamin B,C and E. The study and evaluation of genetic diversity of germplasm resources is important for exploring the origin, spread, evolution of Juglans regia L., utilization of Juglans regia L. ,germplasm resource, as well as instructing the innovation of excellent germplasm of Juglans regia L. Genetie variation of growth and fonntraits,heritability and genetie eorrelation were ealeulated for analyzing the genetic Character of walnut fruits which were gotten from precocious wanlnut wariety luyuan,later mature wariety lufeng and their 100 hybrid plants. The fatty acid components were analyzed through Meteorological chromatography.The result was that:(1) The variation and genetic parameters of fruit traits of Juglans regia L.There was wide variation of fruit traits in walnut hybridization colony , especially the kernel yield of per plant reached the 69.7%. Heritability of fruits were high widely. The heritability of nut vertical diameter and shell thickness were the biggest ,whose were 0.93 and 0.921. while heritabilities of fruit vertical diameter,fruit transverse diameter,Kernel weight and nut weight were all above 0.8,while others were between 0.7 to 0.8. the heritability of fresh fruit weight was the lowest ,whose was 0.6.(2)The correlation analysis of fruit traits of Juglans regia L.The correlation analysis show that:there was significantly positive correlation between kernel yield of per plant ,fresh fruit weight, fruit vertical diameter ,nut weight, Kernel rate,and Kernel weight.This five indexes had an positive effect on kernel yield of per plant. there was significantly negative correlation between kernel yield of per plant and shell thickness, while nut transverse diameter,nut slot transverse diameter and fruit vertical diameter were all negative correlated to kernel yield of per plant. There was mostly significantly positive correlation between kernel weight and nut weight, there was significantly positive correlation between kernel weight and nut vertical diameter, The nut slot transverse diameter and shell thickness were all negative corrdlated to kernel weight,while the fruit vertical diameter was significantly negative corrdlated to kernel weight.(3)The analysis of genetic characteristics of acid and fat contents in Juglans regia L. There were extremely significant differences between fat contents and acid contents in different individual plants. The heritabilities of fat content was 0.927,and the genetic gains of fat content was 33.12%. The heritabilities of acid content was 0.915,and the genetic gains of acid content was 19.06%.(4)Path analysis of fruit traits of Juglans regia L.The results of path analysis aimed at showed that:the direct effect of percent of kernel, nut yield of per plant, index of kernel catching,nut weight, nut slot transverse diameter,shell thickness and kernel weight to kernel yield of per plant are significance,but the nut vertical diameter and shell thickness played negative effect to kernel yield of per plant. The absolute values in descending order were nut yield of per plant, percent of kernel, nut slot transverse diamete, kernel weight, index of kernel catching, nut weight and shell thickness .The direct effect of nut yield of per plant and percent of kernel to kernel yield of per plant is better than other fruit traits.(5)Comprehensive index optionsAccording to the principal component analysis,the cumulative proportion of four principal components was 83.28%. It showed that this four principal components reveals 83.28% of the information of main agronomic traits about 94 Juglans regia L. individual plants, The result of comprehensive evaluation with indexes of Juglans regia L. showed that 5-4,3-14,4-12,4-17,4-23,6-7,1-11 were selected to be elite trees which nut used for producting oil. 3-19,1-3,4-2,5-11,5-19,1-9,1-6,5-16 were selected to be elite trees which have good comprehensive evaluation with indexes of nuts.(6)The analysis and evaluation of fat, protein and fatty acids of Juglans regia L.The average protein contents of this fifteen hybrid plants was 19.13% .The protein contents of ten hybrid plants of Juglans regia L.are higher than the average content。With highest protein content, the average of 6-7 was 25.223%.The fat contents of this fifteen hybrid plants of Juglans regia L.was 58.70%. The fat contents of ten hybrid plants of Juglans regia L.are higher than the average fat content .With highest fat content, the average of 5-19 was 64.687%. The average content of linoleic acid content is 32.565% , which is the hightest of all the fatty acid ingredients of .The next fatty acids are oleic acid contents, alpha linolenic acid,for palmitic, stearic acid, peanut dilute acids and arachidic acid ,according to their contents.