The Characteristics Of Seed And Photosynthetic Ecophysiology Of Asarum Heterotropoides Fr. Schmidt Var. Mandshuricum (Maxim) Kitag.

Asarum heterotropoides Fr. Schmidt Var. mandshuricum(Maxim) kitag.(2n=14)which was a variety of Asarum sieboldii Miq.was named as liaoxiixn,xishen,and yandaiguohua et al. Because its nature was warm and having pungnent and it had the function of relieving rheumatism and chills, alleviating pain,expelling wind and promoting the restoration consciousness, So, the dried radix was selected as Chinese medicine to treat the cold,headache,toothache and rheumatism arthralgia et al. Asarum heterotropoides Fr.Var. mandshuricum(Maxim) kitag.was the traditional material medica of Jilin province.The wild plant resources had been exhausted because they were damaged and over-collected.In china northeast, the cultural technique of artificial domestication and cultivation had been studied from 1980s.And,some technique had been put into practice. At present, the main source of medicine came from the cultivating plants. But, there were many problem should be cried out for solutions which had arisen in course of the cultivating of Asarum heterotropoides Fr.Var. mandshuricum(Maxim) kitag. In this paper, the seed developmental and germination characteristics, storage and photosynthetic ecophysiology of Asarum heterotropoides Fr.Var. mandshuricum(Maxim) kitag. were studied.The germination ability,vigor and embryo of Asarum heterotropoides Fr.Var. mandshuricum(Max- im) kitag. seeds were studied in this paper. The results showed that the embryo couldn't germinate at any condition which was 25℃and 3500lx~4000 lx or 25℃and darkness. The seed could germinate at 25℃and 3500lx~4000 lx after 5 weeks but not germinating at 25℃and darkness. The ratio of vigor could remain constant during the seed preservation in wet sand which was 88.3%~93.7.7%. The appearance of embryo changed with the preservation time progressively through microscopic observation. The development process of embryo could be described as globular shape to heart-shaped stage, torpedo-shaped stage to mature cotyledons stage. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assary was used to detected the content of four kinds of endogenous phytohormone named as ABA,GA3,IAA and ZR respectively. The result showed that the content of endogenous phytohormone changed continuously during the embryo development. The ABA content was128.55ng/g~327.35ng/g during the embryo deve-lopment and rised in the first two weeks then reduced. The GA3 content was 0.01ng/g~5.56ng/g during the embryo development whose variation curve was similar to parabola. And, at the fifth week, the content rised highest level.In addition, the variation curve of ZR content was similar to parabola and the content rised high level at the fifth week too. The IAA content variation curve was similar to wave. The germination characteristic of seed was studied in the experiment. The result showed the seed need light stimulation during germinating and could germinate at 15℃,18℃,20℃,25℃but couldn't germinate at 10℃or 28℃.Especially, we concluded that the optimum temperature for seed germination was 15℃.The seed was stored at 4℃in refrigerator twenty four mouth had the germination ability and the percentage of germination was about 95% which was same as fresh seed. So, we believed that this method could be used to store seed.The content of chlorophyll b and caroteniod in the leaves increased with the shading intensity. But, LMA reduced with the shading intensity .The net photosynthetic rate of plant leaves was"double peak"diurnal curve when they had been in the unwrapping stage,blooming stage and initial fruit stage. And other ecological factors was"single peak"diurnal curve.The plant leaves net photosynthetic rate was"double peak"diurnal curve grew under the 50% nature sunlight intensity condition when they had been in unwrapping stage, blooming stage and initial stage. And in other four stages, the net photosynthetic rate of plant leaves was"single peak".The ecological factors was"single peak"diurnal curve too. Under the 28% and 12% nature sunlight intensity condition,the plant leaves net photosynthetic rate was"double peak"diurnal curve in their blooming stage and"single peak"diurnal curve in their other six phenological phase.In all the seven phenological phase,the net photosynthetic rate reduced with the shading intensity increase. This suggested that shading intensity had effected the leaves net photosynthetic rate.The correlation between net photosynthetic rate (Pn)and other ecological factors were analysed by spss 13.0 software, the statistics showed that there were no evident single correlation between Pn and other ecological factors. But, the correlation between ecological factors had been analysed that was the temperature of air and vapor pressure deficit(VPD) have correlated positive effect. But there had been correlated negatively effect between temperature of air and relative humidity(%RH ).The other,VPD and %RH had correlated negatively effect.In unwrapping stage of plant, the four different sunlight intensity condition mentioned above were offerd. About one mouth later, the leaf were sunburned grew under the nature sunlight condition.The ultrastructure of mesophyll cell had been destructed. Before the leaf were sunburned,there had been a number substance for example peroxisome, phenols and plastid in the cell.All together, plasmolysis had apperenced and the organell had leaked into cell interval.In addition, the grana lamella were blurred and membrane of organell dissolving. when leaf were sunburned,the ultrastructure of mesophyll cell had be- en destructed quite seriously leading to all organell and cytoplasm adhesion together. Meanwhile, the cholraplast membranes had dissolved and stroma of the chloroplast had disappeared. But, In another three sunlight intensity condition, the leaf grew very well and all the organell were clear and well- structured. The anatomical structure of leaf grew under the four different sunlight intensity condition apperenced difference. For example, The palisade tissue and spongy tissue distribution and stoma num- ber et al.The unwrapping stage, blooming stage, the initial fruit stage, fructescence and wither stage was investigated during the growth period under the different sunlight intensity which was 100%(50%nature sunlight before 10/6,Ⅰ),50%(Ⅱ),28%(Ⅲ),12%(Ⅳ)natural sunlight. The result showed that there was difference in the date of the phenological phase. Among these phenological phase, the unwrapping stage, blooming stage and the early fruit stage postponed about 2 days with the sunlight intensity reduced. In addition, the infection rate of leaf spot, the drying rate and volatile oil of radix grown under the different sunlight intensity stated as above were detected. The result showed that the infection rate of leaf spot which was 88.46%,70.00%,0.23%and0.07% respectively was lessened with the sunlight intensity reduced and the volatile oil content which was 1.81 ( ml/100g ) ,1.76(ml/100g),1.63(ml/100g)and1.53(ml/100g)decreased with the sunlight intensity reduced. The components of volatile oil extracted from the dried radix grown under the four different sunlight intensity condition was scanned by GS-MS respectively. The result indicated there was the distinct difference between the total ion current spectrums and the component. But, the difference of every kind of component didn't show the linear trend such as volatile oil of dried radix. Comparing the component of four kinds of volatile oil, the methyl eugenol was 46.75% and safrol was 11.42% in the volatile oil of dried radix growth under the sunlight intensity being 28%. Likewise in this sunlight intensity,the there was the highest methyl eugenol and the lowest safrol content. The total content of dried radix which under the different sunlight conditionⅠ,Ⅱ,ⅢandⅣwas 9.76%,5.64%,6.5%and6.65% respectively. And, the acid-insoluble ash content of radix mentioned above was 3.87%,1.04%,1.87% and 1.71% respectively. In addition, the extracts content was 23.45%,22.45%,22.18% and 21.12% and the Asarinin content was 0.285%,0.291%,0.279% and 0.252% respectively. Beside volatile oils, all index of quality of Asarum heterotropoides Fr.Var. mandshuricum(Maxim) kitag. could meet the standard of Chinese pharmacopoeia 2010.