| Objective Sperm motility is a direct and comprehensive parameter of sperm quality. Ithas been showed that poorly motile sperm was related to inflammation ofreproductive tract , varicocele and idiopathic sperm immotility. From theperspective of Chinese medicine, Professor Wang Qi proposed that the etiologyof asthenospermia be kidney deficiency complicated with dampness-heat, bloodstasis, toxin ,worm .Therefore , the principle guidelines of treatment weresupplementing kidney essence , circulating blood and removing stasis ,clearingdampness-heat . Huangjingzanyu capsule , the first novel drug for male infertility ,was developed by the above guideline . The pharmacodynamic tests revealed thatit has a remarkable improvement on sperm motility and viability. Based on principle guidelines of treatment for original formula and clinicalexperience, Professor Wang screened the optimized formula of Huangjingzanyucapsule . The research is to evaluate the effects of optimized formula on spermmotility and to make a preliminary study on the mechanisms of improvement.Methods 70 SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, negativecontrol group , Huangjingzanyu group and the large , middle and small dosage ofoptimized formula groups. Rats with asthenospermia. were induced byMultiglycosides of Tripterygium Wilfordii (GTW) at the dose of 20mg/kg?d for 30days, then the rats were further gavaged with the above formula . At the end ofexperiment , the rats were sacrificed and the following parameters were measured. (1) Sperm parameters: sperm concentration,motility,viability,motilityvelocity and motility mode were measured with computer-aided sperm analysis(CASA) . (2) Sperm mitochondrial energy metabolism system : a: mitochondrial energy production: Sperm ATP level was estimated bybioluminescence. b: enzymatic activities: activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) andlactate dehydrogenase - C4 (LDH-C4) were measured by enzyme histochemistryand enzyme kinetic spectrophotometry respectively . (3) Ultrastructure of sperm flagellum: mitochondrial sheath, fibrous sheath,outer dense fibers and axoneme were observed under the transmission electronmicroscope. (4) Signaling pathway system : activities of protein kinase A (PKA) andprotein kinase C (PKC) were estimated by enzyme kinetic spectrophotometry .Results (1) Compared with normal group, sperm concentration, motility and viabilityin GTW group decreased greatly,meanwhile the GTW group rats appeared kidneydeficiency combined with essence depletion pattern such as sluggish ,depressedand hair dried-up to some degree. (2) Sperm concentration , motility ,viability and motility velocity (VCL,VSL,VAP)were significantly increased in large , middle dosage of optimizedformula. The effects of large and middle dosage groups were similar to those ofHuangjingzanyu group and better than those of small dosage group and negativecontrol group . Sperm motility mode (LIN,STR,WOB,ALH,BCF,MAD)were not changed significantly in 3 different dosage of optimized formula . (3) Compared with GTW model group, ATP level , activities of SDH andLDH-C4 were significantly increased in Huangjingzanyu group , large and middledosage of optimized formula groups. While such parameters were not changedsignificantly in small dosage groups. (4) Ultrastructure observation : Compared with model group, the damagedmitochondria and outer dense fibers were repaired at different levels inHuangjingzanyu group and optimized formula groups. No remarkable changeswere found in the axoneme and fibrous sheath. (5) Activities of PKA and PKC : Compared with model group , activities ofPKA and PKC in Huangjingzanyu group and optimized formula groups were notchanged greatly.Conclusions (1)Rats with asthenospermia and kidney deficiency combined with essencedepletion pattern were induced successfully by GTW. (2) Huangjingzanyu optimized formula has a remarkably improved effects onsperm concentration , motility ,viability and motility velocity. (3) The effect of Huangjingzanyu optimized formula was similar to that of...
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