| 1. Studies on the Chemical Constituents of Clematis parvilobaGardn. et ChampClematis parviloba Gardn. et Champ belongs to the Ranunculaceae family,which distributes in Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangdong, and Guangxi provincesof China. It has been used as a substitute of C. armandii in Yunnan province to treathydropsy, gonorrhea, and arthralgia. It is also widely used as a diuretic, galactopoietic,emmenagogue as well as anti-inflammatory and antitumor agent. Up to date, chemicaland biological work on this plant have never been carried out. As a result, weproceeded a phytochemical investigation of it in order to clarify the chemicalconstituents of it and search for active compounds.59 compounds were isolated from the ethanol extract of the stems of C.parviloba collected in Xishuangbanna of Yunnan province by using various modernchromatographic techniques. On the basis of classical chemical methods and modernspectrometric approaches, the structures of 58 compounds among them wereestablished. Of the 58 compounds identified, 5 compounds were found to be new ones,22 compounds to be isolated from this genus for the first time and the rest wereisolated from this plant for the first time.5 new compounds including 1 triterpenoid saponin, 3 saccharide ester, and 1aromatic glycoside were identified as 23-O-acetyl-hederagenin-3-O-β-D-ribopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl (Cpa-16), benzoic acid, 4-[[6′-O-[4″-(β-D-allo-pyranosyloxy)-3″-methoxybenzoyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-3-methoxy-intramol.1,6″′-ester(Cpa-33), benzoic acid, 4-[[6′-O-[4″-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-benzoyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-3-methoxy-intramol. 1,6″′-ester (Cpa-34), 4″-hydroxy-phenyl-β-D-6-O-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-benzoate)-glucopyranoside (Cpa-37), and 2-((E)-3-carboxybut-2-enyl)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-phenyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (Cpa-39), respectively. Theywere named as clemaparviloba saponin A (Cpa-16), clemaparviloside A (Cpa-33),clemaparviloside B (Cpa-34), clemaparviloside C (Cpa-37) and clemaparvilobaglucoside (Cpa-39), respectively.Other known compounds included 17 triterpenoid saponins, 14 lignans, 3saccharide esters, 3 megastigmane glucosides, 6 steroids, 3 coumarins, 2 aromaticacids, 1 fatty acid, 1 cerebroside, 1 ceramide, 1 furaldehyde, and 1 monosaccharide.Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the chemical constituents of C. parvilobahas been undertaken in order to control the quality of this herbal medicine. Aqualitative analysis method of the triterpenoid saponins of C. parviloba wasestablished by using the RP-HPLC-ELSD method; The finger-printing of this specieswas also established; The content of three main triterpenoid saponins in three differentmaterials were measured by RP-HPLC-UV method.The biological activities were also carried out based on the chemical work. Theethanol extracts and petroleum ether extracts showed significant NO productioninhibitory activity; some triterpenoid saponins exhibited significant cytotoxicactivities.In addition, advances in the research of chemical constituents andpharmacological activities of Clematis L. were reviewed in this paper. 2. Studies on the Chemical Constituents of Vitex trifolia L.Vitex trifolia L. belongs to the Verbenaceae family, which distributes in Yunnan,Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, and Tanwan provinces of China. The fruits of V. trifoliacalled "Manjingzi" has been used as a traditional medicine in China for treating colds,headache, vertigo, anesthesia, hyperkinesia, etc. The leaves were externally used totreat the injuries from falls.In addition, V. trifolia was one of the main compositions of the Daizu traditionalformula Yajiaohadun-San. Yajiaohadun-San was widely used in Dai nationality regionfor treatment of flu fever, laryngitis, cough, heart-thorb, menstruation and postpartumhemorrhage etc. Our research group has investigated chemical constituents of threeother compositions of this formula such as Streptocaulon griffithii, Tacca chantrieri,and Inula cappa. Triterpenes, steroids and cardenolides were isolated, andcardenolides exhibited distinctive cytotoxic activities. During our continue researchon the traditional formula Yajiaohadun-San, a phytochemical investigation on V.trifolia has been carried out.19 compounds were isolated from the ethanol extract of the stems and leaves ofV. trifolia collected in Xishuangbanna of Yunnan province by using various modernchromatographic techniques. On the basis of chemical and spectrometric approaches,the structures of 17 compounds including 2 diterpenes, 2 flavonoids, 3 anthraquinones,3 triterpenes, 1 lignan, 1 alkaloid, 2 steroids, 2 aromatic acid, 1 alkyl were established.Among them, 5 compounds were isolated from this genus for the first time and 7compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.In addition, advances in the research of chemical constituents andpharmacological activities of Vitex L. were reviewed in this paper.
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