| Influenza(i.e.flu) is a acute respiratory tract infectious disease which caused by the A,B,C three types virus separately,A,B,C influenza virus reflect not only the discovered age around,but also reflect the order of harm degree to the human.Type A influenza virus often appears as a popular form,can create flu pandemic,Type B often creates partial explodes,Type C mainly appears in disperses form.Type A influenza virus divides into certain hypotypes,in each hypotype also has many small varieties.Although type B and C have no hypotypes,but also has many small variation.When Type A influenza virus presents a new hypotype or the old hypotype reproduction,the crowd lack the corresponding immunity generally,it's easy to create fast dissemination in the crowd, causes flu pandemic.Currently,the A3(H3N2),A1(H1N1) hypoty-pe and Type B influenza virus are the mainly type populared in the crowd.The flu anticipatory control difficult primary cause is as a result of the influenza virus surface antigen(haemagglutinin antigen and neuraminic acid enzyme antigen) can continuously,variation thus causes the immunity which the human body obtains to expire -very quickly.Especially the Type A influenza virus is extremely easy to have the variation,including hypotype variation(i.e.antigen drifting) and new hypotype appearance or old hypotype reproduction(i.e.antigen transfonnation).In 20th century the world had 4 pandemic,namely 1918～1919 years 'the Spanish flu'(causes by pig H1N1 hypotype influenza virus),1957～1958 years 'the Asian flu'(causes by H2N2 hypotype virus),1968～1969 years 'Hong Kong flu'(causes by H3N2 hypotype virus),1977'the Russian flu'(caused by a H1N1 hypotype virus reproduction).Each time pandemic gives the humanity's life and property and the economic development disastrous attack,for example 1918 pig H1N1 hypotype pandemic once caused more than 20 millionaire deaths,the casualty surpasses the total number of dead people which in the First World War,moreover the majority deaths were young adults.Avian Influenza,(i.e.AI) is caused by Type A influenza virus(H5N1) hypotype. Until now had discovered 15 hypotypes(H1-H15) of type A influenza virus haemagglutinin,the neuraminic acid enzyme has 9 hypotypes(N1-9),they may separate from the feather.Due to bird flu and influenza virus existence gene homology,once has the viral variation when has passes on with person's dissemination ability,will cause the world bird flu's unpopularity.Many scholars also believed that influenza virus is the gene resortment of human and the bird flu virus.Since December,2005,10 countries and area in Asia have the bird flu epidemic one after another.At present,our country Guangxi, Yunnan,Hunan and so on 10 provinces had the highly infectious bird flu epidemic,the person bird flu's prevention and control situation has been very stern.Therefore,carries out the flu anticipatory control research,especially the applied research which has a practieful sense,many countries expend massive funds,invest suitable energy to development it.China's flu anticipatory control research work holds the important status in the world.It's not only because china has a vast area,the large population,and has carried out the massive research in the flu against system,moreover looking from flu's pandemic history,4 times worldwide pandemic occurred in 20th century has 3 times first round in China,namely in 1957 H2N2 hypotype influenza virus first round in Guizhou,in 1968 H3N2 hypotype influenza virus first round in Hong Kong area,in 1977 H1N1 hypotype influenza virus first reappeared in Liaoning,therefore China was considered as the flu sends,even the place of origin.In recent years,our country first discovered the bird flu H5N1 hypotype and the H9N2 hypotype infect the humanity.Urumqi is also flu sends area.As early as 1957 Astan pandemic,my city once was exposed the attack,affects 95 unit's popular,the patient reaches 77654 people,in 1968 had the pandemic once more,hereafter assumed periodicity,every year had the occurrence.Recent years,along with Urumqi's transient population quantity Rose year by year,the winter spring season were last long,the summer fall season were short,this climate condition has created the condition for the influenza pandemic.The fall winter season in 2005,Urumqi and the peripheral locality(peaceful ditch, big bay township,Dabancheng,Miquan) explode the H5N1 highly infectious bird flu epidemic to sound the alarm once again for Urumchi's flu anticipatory control work. Therefore carries out Urumqi's flu anticipatory control related applied research,will accumulation experience for the next prevention and control work.Although flu is a ancient disease,but still had many unknown domains and problems that need to study and solution,for example the strategy research on how to deal with the pandemic,on the influenza vaccine(including cost-benefit,cost-effect, social security,vaccine effect and so on),as well as new anti-influenza virus medicine development and so on.The home had the long-term history in flu anticipatory control applied research,monitors,vaccine inoculation,health education and preventive medicine research and development at flu research works also in unceasingly thorough. At present,is extremely easy in view of the influenza virus have high variation characteristic,many provinces and cities have carried out the influenza virus etiology monitor research,and summarizes this local influenza vires etiology variation rule promptly,joint effort to realize globalized strategy on flu prevention and control work, but.In china,some areas have also carried out research works on vaccination strategy, health education,new medicine development and so on.But,it is few research report on monitor,the influenza vaccine vaccination strategy,the health education,the new medicine development more comprehensive in the identical area,system's union this region characteristic,launches flu to relate.To further improve the prevention and control of influenza work in Urumqi,this issue based on the influenza monitoring research of Urumqi City,and combine the advantages of the Urumqi City resources,flu vaccine intervention,health education intervention and the development of Xinjiang characteristics plants Resources(Vitis amurensis Rupr) for anti-influenza drug and so on, carries out series research,making active preparations for influenza pandemic.Objective1 Through the influenza/bird flu monitoring network,to investigate the prevalence of influenza viruses in Urumqi Province from 2003-2006,research to the antigenicity variation rule of influenza virus in this area,and discover the person bird flu epidemic promptly.Meanwhile,lay the foundation for other apply research of flu inspection.2 Through Influenza antibodies testing after vacation in the Urumqi City crowd,to estimate the effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccine in Urumqi population.3 Based on service platform of the social medical insurance,to explore the use of social medical insurance funds for diabetes,high blood pressure,chronic bronchitis crowd to free vaccination,and whether can reduce the social medical insurance costs in the influenza season.So as to provide decision-making for the full use of social health insurance resource,the development of Urumqi in line with influenza prevention and control work of the immune intervention strategies.4 To get the basic information of Ulumqi citizens,knowledge,faith and behavior about flu through survey research;to evaluate the effect of different forms of health instruction and interfering activities in community so as to provide some reference for carrying out related health interference in future. 5 To initially study the active components of the extractives from vitis viniferal L(VV) which can resist Influenza Virus and their functions mechanism and for provide a theoretical basis for anti-influenza virus active ingredients and effective site.Method1 During the flu monitoring period,according to the state influenza monitoring network laboratory specifications,Collect throat swab specimens from sentinel hospital, isolate influenza virus with MDCK cells and identify influenza virus by HI (hemagglutination inhibition test).2 Study on the immune response to influenza vaccination in 109 independent body, Before and after the pair used their own methods,before vaccination collected 0.5 ml blood,and inoculated adult cracking influenza vaccine,two months later collected 0.5 ml venous blood,antibody lever contrasted between pre-immunization and post-immunization,and measured through hemagglutination inhibition(HI) test.3 From August 1 to 15,2006,at immunization clinic of CDC randomly selected diabetes,high blood pressure,chronic bronchitis patients who inoculated influenza vaccine voluntary and holds the Urumqi City social medical insurance cards,Removed refused to accept the investigation or follow-up after January first,2005,Collected a total of 147 cases of patients with diabetes,297 cases of patients in high blood pressure,274 cases of chronic bronchitis patients as the experimental group and free inoculated influenza vaccine.By registration the social medical insurance card number,before vaccination(September 1,2005 to April 30,2006) and after vaccination(September 1, 2006 to April 30,2007) of this two influenza surveillance season,and to track spending of the social health insurance records.After April 30,2007,randomly selected crowd who participated in the social medical insurance and did not have flu vaccine inoculation from July 1,2005 to April 30,2007,and in accordance with chronic diseases by the types, and followed up total cost in chronic diseases before flu vaccination(September 1,2005 to April 30,2006),collected a total of 141 cases of patients with diabetes,275 cases of high blood pressure patients,285 cases of chronic bronchitis patients as a control group. On selected control group of diabetes,high blood pressure,chronic bronchitis patients,as agree that after tracking the disease after flu vaccination(September 1,2006 to April 30, 2007) of the influenza surveillance season of the social cost of medical insurance records. Through the samples for each of two seasons with chronic diseases in the total costs of the margin and do the experimental group and control group were the differences a few T-group testing to assess diabetes,high blood pressure,and chronic bronchitis patients with vaccination social the impact of medical insurance costs to chronic.4 By layering random sampling,study on Urumqi city community groups above 20-year-old,survey influenza related knowledge,attitude and behavior(KAP) questionnaire,Survey include basic information,knowledge factor(13 item),the attitude factor(7 item),acts factor(8 item) a total of 28 projects,each alternative answers of Knowledge and behavior are classified into two information and to give the score,to status investigation the awareness of influenza and related knowledge and the use non-Logistic regression analysis of affected residents in the disease-related factors.A total of 1200 questionnaires were valid and 1127 questionnaires recovered in.On this basis,through television,radio,newspapers,community awareness and knowledge in fields of education seminars and other forms of community health education intervention in the crowd,three months after in the second survey,Provided a total of 460 questionnaires,453 questionnaires recovered.By compared before and after the survey results to evaluate the intervention effect of health education.5 Study on Xinjiang VV polysaccharide,flavonoids,total triterpenoid against influenza A(H1N1)-type virus By MDCK cell culturing and MTT method.Used Read-muench method Calculation TICD50 of influenza virus A(H1N1) type in MDCK cells,dilution 2 times of the largest non-toxic drugs concentration,divided into three groups according to role of the drugs on the influenza viruses,studied on prevention,treatment and the inactivated direct role.Through observation cell disease(CPE),calculated CPE inhibition of cell disease,MTT Determination of drugs on the protection of cells,HA Determination of different doses of drugs group and the group log virus titer poor to evaluate the effect of anti-influenza virus by VV extracts,flavonoids triterpenoid.Results1 During 2003 to 2004 annum,a total number of 77 throat swab specimens were collected,with 3 strains identified as B type influenza viruses.The rate of isolation was 3.9%.During 2004 to 2005 annum,a total number of 107 throat swab specimens were collected,detected 4 strains were A(H3N2) influenza virus,15 strains were B(Victoria strain) type,with the rates of isolation on each subtype at 21.05%and 78.95% respectively.During 2005 to 2006 annum,bird flu broke out in Urumqi Province,391 throat swab specimens were collected,with 165 strains identified as influenza viruses positive,163 strains were influenza A(H1N1),2 strains were influenza A(H3N2).2 By analysis the time distribution of influenza virus positive strains through three monitor years,2003 to 2004 annum,positive virus detection peak was in December 2003,2004 to 2005 the peak of the detection of the virus was in December 2004 and January 2005,the year 2005 to 2006 positive virus detection peak was from October to December,2005.3 By analysis the different months of influenza virus positive strains through three monitor years,the highest detection rate in October,November were the year 2005/2006, and compared with the remaining two years which had a statistically significant,the highest detection rate in January was the year 2004/2005,and compared with 2003/2004 annual had the Statistics Significance.4 During 2005/2006 annual,bird flu outbreaks in Urumqi,compared influenza-positive rate around bird flu outbreaks had no statistical difference.5 By analysis the detected population age distribunon of influenza virus positive strains through three monitor years,during 2003/2004 a(?)nual in prevalence,0 age group had a higher positive rates than other age groups,but compared with other groups had no statistical difference.During 2004/2005 annual,0 age group had a higher positive rates than other age groups,and compared with the 50-year-old group which had a more significant difference.During 2005/2006 annual,the 0 age group had the highest positive rate,and compared with the 10-year-old group,30-year-old group,40-year-old group all had statistical significance.During 2004/2005 annual,(?)esults of the special survey on children under the age of 13 showed that,the positive rate of every age group had no statistical difference.6 During the year 2005 to 2006 influenza/bird fl(?)monitoring period,the city's sentinel surveillance hospitals report suspected cases of influenza-like 7,630 cases. Reported cases of infants under five ages was 4,483 cases,accounting for monitoring the total number of 58.76%.Children aged 5 to 15 reported cases was 2,614 cases,accounting for monitoring the total number to 34.26%.People over the age of 15 reported cases 533 cases,of the total number of cases of 6.98%.Children under 15 and adolescents account for cases of influenza-like report of the total number cases of 93.02%.7 During 2005/2006 annual,influenza monitoring post in Urumqi,the number of influenza-like cases was in the basic trend line with the change trends of positive rate, both had the peaks in mid-November 2005.8 Results of influenza Vaccine showed that,before and after vaccination,A(H1N1) subtype,A(H3N2) subtype and type B antibody positive rate is significantly different, and immune than before.Immunization before and after the(H1N1) subtype,A(H3N2) subtype and type B antibody titers had statistically significant difference.Comparison with the same antibody type from different age groups after vaccination,A(H1N1) subtype(F=2.994,P＜0.05) and A(H3N2) subtype(F=4.288,P＜0.05) difference of each age group had Statistical significance,and B type differences between every age groups had no statistically significant.9 The results of influenza vaccination impaction on the medical insurance costs of diabetes,high blood pressure,chronic bronchitis patients showed that:1st,the experimental group,before the vaccination of influenza surveillance period,diabetes, hypertension,the chronic bronchitis patient spending on chronic illness has non-statistics difference with the control group(the P value are bigger than 0.05);2nd,after the vaccination,the different total cost(pre-vaccination monitoring of the total cost of chronic disease Less monitoring period after inoculation the total cost of chronic diseases) on chronic illness of patients with diabetes,hypertension,and chronic bronchitis was higher than the non-vaccinated group,and has statistics significance(the P value is smaller than 0.01).These results could explan that influenza vaccination vaccine may reduce diabetes,hypertension,the chronic bronchitis patient's chronic illness society medical insurance expense.10 The average score of community residents,knowledge about flu is 4.63±1.69.The knowledge score about flu between population of different nationality and different physical status differs(P＜0.05).The better educated subject,the higher the average score of knowledge about flu.About 42.4%of the citizens worried that they infected by the flu in the period of the pandemic of flu.People in different nationalities hold different attitudes to flu,influenza vaccine and the measures that some related department of sanitation taken on.Drawing off 565 questionnaires from the valid ones retrieved in the baseline survey,the average score of community residents,knowledge about flu is 4.75±1.82,there are about 453 valid questionnaires retrieved in the second investigation. We found that the subjects average score,comparing with the time that subjects are not educated by health instruction,has improved a lot,achieving to 5.50±1.344(P=0.000). The rate of positive answering,relating to attitude as well as conduct of flu,improved in some extent.Logistic regression analysis exhibited that related factors of people who whether willing to inject influenza vaccine or not are correlated with the mark of knowledge of flu,getting flu in the past year,having behavior disposition of precaution when others got flu around them and having some knowledge about influenza vaccine.11 Conferment MDCK cells to different concentrations drugs,Observation cell disease (CPE),determine the largest non-toxic concentration of Total flavonoids is 20μg/ml, polysaccharide's TC0 is 20μg/ml and total triterpenoid's TC0 is 1500μg/ml,ribavirin's TC0 is 300μg/ml.Prophylaxis Group in the prevention of flavonoids,polysaccharides on influenza A(H1N1) subtype virus have a certain effect,the maximum CPE inhibition rate of 100%and are higher than ribavirin;Direct inactivated group of flavonoids, polysaccharides of the influenza A(H1N1) subtype virus inhibit strong,CPE inhibition rate of 80%and are higher than that of ribavirin.Treatment of the total flavonoids, polysaccharides,triterpenoid and ribavirin CPE inhibition rate can reach 80%,ribavirin which has the highest inhibition,and the rate up to 93.75%.MTT Determine cell protection, prophylaxis group the rate of flavonoids prevention to MDCK cells was 89.6 percent,the protection of polysaccharide was 93.3 percent higher(?)han ribavirin;direct inactivated group the rate of flavonoids Protection was 87.6 percent,the protection of polysaccharide was 85.2 percent higher than ribavirin group,therapy group the rate of triterpenoid protection to MDCK cells was 382.6 percent,Ba Weilin on MDCK cells protection rate was 348.8 percent,but flavonoids,polysaccharides the protection rate was relatively low. HA method showed that in prophylaxis group,20μg/ml and 10μg/ml concentration of flavonoids,polysaccharides can drop the titer of influenza A(H1N1) subtype virus more than 1.5 log and were higher than ribavirin group.In direct inactivated group,10μg/ml concentration of flavonoids and polysaccharide effected on influenza A(H1N1) subtype virus were the strongest,could drop the titer of influenza virus A(H1N1) subtype more than 1.5 log and were higher than BaWeilin group.In therapy group,flavonoids, polysaccharides,triterpenoid,ribavirin in 20μg/ml,10μg/ml,750μg/ml,300μg/ml seperately can drop the titer of influenza A(H1N1) subtyp(?) virus more than 1.5 log.ConclusionThe first since inspection of influenza pathogenic data was carried out in Urumqi province,Analysis the inspection results of 2003 to 2004,2004 to 2005,2005 to 2006 these three annum,the result showed that,during 2003 to 2004 annual,the predominant virus in was B(Victoria strain) type,2004 to 2005 annual,the predominant viruses were B(Victoria strain) type and A(H3N2)subtype,and it was transfered to A(H1N1) subtype in 2005 to 2006 annual.Compeared with datas from other areas,the regularity of influenza prevalence in Urumqi was basicly coincide with that in the northern part of country.This reflected on the variance of influenza virus and the influenza prevalence were basically the same,and the period of influenza prevalence and the peak were synchronization.B type was the predominant virus since 2003 and lasted to 2004 to 2005 annual,and the spread time was earlier than other areas.In November 2005,suburban area of Urumqi broke out H5N1 bird flu,compeared the rate of isolation,during the period of September to October 2005,41 strains identified as influenza viruses positive, the rate of isolation was 42.3%.November 2005 to March 2006,124 strains identified as influenza viruses positive,the rate of isolation was 43.8%,the analysis of the difference had no significant,this result showed that before and after bird flu epdemic,the rate of isolation had not changed,and the predominant viruses were subtype of influenza A H1N1,had not changed too.The second Research results show that influenza vaccination can improve the level of antibody titers,and it was important to consolidation of the crowd against influenza. Meanwhile,vaccination can reduce Social medical insurance costs in diabetes,high blood pressure,chronic bronchitis crowd in the flu season.Suggested that the government uses the society medical insurance reserve fund for the insured crowd particularly chronic illness crowd to have free vaccination of influenza vaccine.To implement social and health insurance sector a win-win situation.The third The level of Ulumqi citizens' knowledge of flu and some related information is low in some extent.So it is important to launch a movement of health instruction in our city community.We believe that suitable health education measures could alter community crowd's attitude and conduct about flu,definitely this way can be a utility step for preventing flu prevalent.The fourth After studying the role of the extraction from VV plant in Xinjiang to anti-influenza virus A(H1N1) subtype,in vitro studies show that different active ingredients of flavonoids,polyphenols,triterpenoid on prevention,treatment and direct inactivation to influenza virus A(H1N1) subtype had a better effect respectively,and could further development and utilization.The fifth The project according to our country's duty of flu surveillance,and actual needs of Urumqi,and after the bird flu epidemic,it is a urgent requirements to prevent and control of human cases,so as to carry on a professional and technical construction project to deal with public health emergencies.Through this project Urumqi City initially established a respiratory infectious disease surveillance network,and influenza virus isolation and identification and related technology-based laboratory has reached to the relevant technical specifications.To further carry out the monitoring of respiratory diseases provides a technology platform,and lay a foundation to further enhance disease surveillance,prevention and control standards.
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