| The roots of Ephedra sinica Stapf and Asparagus filicinus Buch.-Ham were selected for phytochemical and bioactive investigations. Main results were obtained as follows:Thirty-seven compounds have been isolated from the root of Ephedra sinica Stapf on the basis of modern isolation chromatography methods and were elucidated by many kinds of spectroscopic and chemical evidences. These compounds included twelve biflavones, eleven flavonoids, three terpenoids, one lignan, as well as ten miscellanrous compounds, among them nine compounds were identified as new and fifteen were first isolated from the genus. New compounds were ephedrannin B (1), mahuannin E (3), mahuannin F (7), mahuannin G (8), mahuannin H (9), mahuannin I (10), mahuannin J (11), mahuannin K (12), ephedrate A (29). Other known compounds were ephedrannin A (2), mahuannin D (4), mahuannin A (5), mahuannin B (6), apigenin (13), quercetin (14), kaempferol (15), dihydroquercetin (16), 3-hydroxynaringenin (17), 3′,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxy flavanone (18), naringenin (19), (+)-catechin (20), (-)-epi-catechin (21), afzelechin (22), (-)-epi-afzelechin (23), (?)-α-terpineol-8-O-β-D- gluco pyranoside (24), (+)-α-terpineol-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (25), geranyl -β-D-glucopyranoside (26), sesquipinsapol B(27), (10E, 9S, 12S, 13S)- trihydroxy-10-octadecenoate (28), (E)-hexadecyl-ferulate B(30), 3-(hexadecyloxy)propane-1,2-diol (31), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (32), vanillic acid (33), protocatechuic acid (34), ferulic acid (35), daucosterol (36) andβ-sitosterol (37). The cytotoxicity of biflavones was tested in the HeLa (human ovarian cancer), SGC-7901 (human stomach cancer), and HepG2 (human liver cancer) using the MTT method. Ephedrannin B (1) showed strong cytotoxicity against HeLa, SGC-7901, and HepG2cells with IC50 values of 8.5, 10.0, and 10.2μg/mL, respectively.Asparagus filicinus Buch.-Ham was also investigated for chemical constituents. From the underground parts of this plant, thirty-seven compounds were isolated and identified including eight steroidal saponins , seven ecdysones, five lignans, three acetylene derivatives, one alkaloid, as well as twelve miscellaneous compounds, among which fifteen compounds were isolated from this plants for the first time. Based on spectral analyses and comparison with reported in the literatures, the isolates were characterized as follows: aspafilioside A (A1), asparosede A (A2), filiasparoside C (A3), aspafiliosede B (A4), asparagusin A (A5), 22-methoxy ASP-IV (A6), aspafiliosede C(A7), aspafiliosede D (A8), calonysterone (A9), 5-deoxykaladasterone (A10), 25-hydroxy dacryhainansterone (A11), stachysterone C (A12), stachysterone B (A13), ecdysone (A14),β-ecdysterone (A15), 20-hydroxyecdysine-20,22- monocetonide (A16), 3′-methoxynyasin (A17), (+)-nyasol (A18), (-)4′-O-methyl-nyasol (A19), iso-agatharesinol (A20), gobicusin A (A21), 4-[5-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-3-penten-1-ynyl]phenol (A22), 1-methoxy-2- hydroxy-4-[5-(4-hydroxy phenoxy)-3-penten-1-ynyl]phenol (A23), gobicusin B (A24), 1-O-p-coumaroyl-3-O-feruloylglycerol (A25), 1,3-di- O-feruloylglycerol (A26), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (9Z,12Z)-2- [(1-oxooctadecyl) oxy]-1,3- propanediyl ester (A27), n-hexadecane acid monoglyceride (A28), lycoperodine-1 (A29), syringic acid (A30), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (A31), fumalic acid (A32), caffeic acid (A33), trans-coniferyl alcohol (A34), vanillic acid (A35) , daucosterol (36),β-sitosterol (37). Pharmacological activity of these compounds is still in testing.In addition, the thesis also reviewed the phytochemical and biological investigations on the genera of ephedra and asparagus.
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