| Objectives:To explore the essential of yang-deficiency constitution and yin-deficiency constitution in the theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM), summarize the current research and enrich the theory of Constitution of TCM;to compare the metabonomical characteristics of yang-deficiency constitution and yin-deficiency constitution and study the theory support and forming mechanism of constitution classification.Methods:Applied the methods of traditional literature collection and reading and modern literature analysis to implement the theory research on yang-deficiency constitution and yin-deficiency constitution.Applied ~1H-NMR Technique with INOVA 600 MHz NMR spectrometer with super-conducting magnet (manufactured by Varian,Inc,America) to compare the metabonomical characteristics of urine and blood in yang-deficiency constitution and yin-deficiency constitution and to seek biomarkers.Results:the theoretical study of yang-deficiency and yin-deficiency constitutions showed that from the manifestation characteristics,yang-deficiency constitution was due to the insufficiency of yang qi,mainly manifested by deficient-cold symptoms,while yin-deficiency constitution due to the lose and deficient of yin-fluid,mainly manifested by deficient-heat symptoms.From the forming factors,the native endowment was the inner factor while acquired physical condition was the external condition,thus excessive cold impairing yang while excessive heat consuming yin was always regarded as the main reasons. When the tendency of disease was concerned,yang-deficiency constitution usually caused Arthralgia-syndrome,diarrhea,cold,self-sweating,edema,phlegm,coughing,asthma and enuresis,while yin-deficiency constitution was easy to cause constipation,coughing, blood-syndrome,diabetes and tuberculosis.For the regulation measures,yang-deficiency constitution was mainly based on the principle of warming strengthen kidney yang and enriching the origin of fire,while yin-deficiency constitution mainly followed the principle of nourishing kidney yin and strengthening water to control wood.For the study of metabonomical characteristics of yang-deficiency constitution and yin-deficiency constitution,by comparing the metabolite of two constitutions in 30 cases for each with the normal constitution as the control,combining the theoretical study and the experimental finding in the past,we found that:①the metabonomics method could be used to classify the constitutions.Compared with normal constitution,yang-deficiency constitution and yin-deficiency constitution both showed some changing in the metabolism paths;②we found the potential biomarker of yang-deficiency and yin-deficiency constitutions.In yang-deficiency constitution,in the urine,there were creatinine(δ3.06,4.06,4.1),lactate(δ4.14, 4.18),DMA(δ2.70),citrate(δ2.58,2.66) and hippurate(δ7.58,7.82,3.98),in the blood,lipid(δ0.80-0.90,1.20-1.29,1.58),lactate(δ1.31-1.33,4.10-4.12),glutamine (δ2.44-2.46,2.12),glucose(δ3.20-4.00),HDL(δ0.80-0.86,1.18,1.22),VLDL/LDL (δ0.9,1.3,1.34,1.26),NAc(δ2.01-2.07),FA(δ2.22-2.29) and UFA(δ5.25-5.35).For the yin-deficiency constitution,in the urine,there were creatinine(δ3.06,4.06,4.1), DMA(δ2.70),citrate(δ2.58,2.66),glycine(δ3.54) and glucose(δ3-4);in the blood, lipid(δ0.80-0.90,1.20-1.29),lactate(δ1.31-1.33,4.10-4.12),alanine(δ1.48,1.49), glucose(δ3.20-4.00),VLDL/LDL(δ0.9,1.3,1.34,1.26),NAc(δ2.01-2.07) and UFA(δ5.25-5.35).To compare with the balanced constitution,the contents of creatinine is lower while the contents of lactate,DMA,citrate,hippurate is higher in urine of yang-deficiency constitution,and the contents of lipid,lactate, VLDL/LDL,NAc,FA,UFA is lower while the contents of glutamine,glucose,HDL is higher in blood of yang-deficiency constitution;the contents of creatinine,DMA, citrate is lower while the contents of glycine,glucose is higher in urine of yin-deficiency constitution,and the contents of lipid,lactate,alanine,glucose, VLDL/LDL,NAc,UFA is lower in blood of yin-deficiency constitution.To compare with yin-deficiency constitution,the contents of creatinine,lactate,DMA, citrate,hippurate is higher while the contents of glycine,glucose is lower in urine of yang-deficiency constitution,and the contents of lactate,glutamine, glucose,alanine,HDL is higher while the contents of lipid,VLDL/LDL, NAc,FA,UFA is lower in blood of yang-deficiency constitution.③By literature searching,we expatiated the physiological function and metabolic pathway of metabolite differences,finding that in yang-deficiency constitution and yin-deficiency constitution,there existed metabolism disorder of energy,lipid,glucose and amino,and also changing of neurotransmitter and organs functions.From the metabonomics point of view,we explored the biological characteristics of the two constitutions,which might contribute some new explanation for the manifestation characteristics,forming factors and mechanism of the two constitutions. Conclusions:By the ordering and comparison of yang-deficiency and yin-deficiency constitutions theories,we systematically recognized their differences on manifestation characteristics,forming factors,disease tendency and regulation measurements,which contributes to the basis of theoretical research. The finding of biomarkers supplies new ways for the possibility of constitution classification from the metabonomics point of view.Yang-deficiency and yin-deficiency constitutions have some metabolism disorder of energy,lipid,glucose and amino,and also changing of neurotransmitter and organs functions.
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