| Purpose:The study aims to investigate the changes of immunofunction in female rowers in living high,exercise high-training low (HiHiLo) and living low-training high (LoHi) and female swimmers during winter training session to find out the valuable sensitive immunofunction indexes and practical measurement methods, and detect the adaptation of athletes to training methods and workloads, in order to detect the state of athletes during training to make the training better and better. The study is intended to establish the immunofunction detecting net which is composed of T cell subsets, natural killer cells (NK), natural killer T cell (NKT), dendritic cell (DC), and Th1/Th2 relating cytokines by advanced measuring techniques, flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT) and real-time PCR technique.Methods:Simulated hypoxic training: Twelve female rowers of Shanghai were divided into HiHiLo and LoHi groups, with five-week hypoxic training. The hypoxic environment was with 15.4% oxygen as 2500 meter altitude. The bloods were collected before, in the 1st, 4th and 5th week, and 2 week after hypoxic training, respectively. The blood samples were analyzed by flow cytometry and PCR to determine concentrations of testosterone and cortisol, T cell subsets, NK and NKT as well as mRNA expression of IFN-γ, IL-4 and PFR in circulating blood.Winter training session: Eight female swimmers participated in the winter training session with two-week training of middle workloads, two-week training of high workloads, and one-week recovery training of middle workloads. Blood samples were collected in the adjustment period, in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th week during training and after recovery training. Blood samples were assessed by flow cytometry, real-time PCR, and ELISPOT to determined concentrations of testosterone and cortisol, DC, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, NK and NKT, as well as expression of IFN-γof Th1/Thw and IL-4 in circulating blood and so on.Results:Simulated hypoxic training: 1) The expression of NKT declined in the 4th and 5th week during training. 2) The levels of T cell subsets after 5-week training were near to or slightly higher than pre-training. 3) The IFN-γmRNA in the 5th week training rose up while the IL-4 mRNA and PFR mRNA decreased and ratio of Th1/Th2 increased. There was no significant difference between HiHiLo and LoHi groups.Winter training session: 1) DC was elevated by exercise rising with the increment of workload. 2) With the increment of training volume and workloads, the expression of NKT declined. 3) The T cell subsets in the 4th week during winter training session declined significantly, and it was still at a low level after recovery. 4) The ratio of Th1/Th2 with different analysis methods did not show significant changes or rose up during winter training session.Conclusions:1. Five weeks of hypoxic training can raise the immunofunction, which suggested that HiHiLo and LoHi were safe training methods.2. The NKT may be selected as the best index of evaluating immunofunction of athletes for it was very sensitive in response to training.3. DC can be the novel immunofunction detection index.4. It suggested that the immumofunction may be depressed by constant training of high workloads.5. The variatons of immuonfunction indexes did not change simultaneously during training.6. The ratio of Th1/Th2 did not change very much or moved towards Th1 during winter training session and hypoxic training.7. The intracellular assessment of flow cytometry, ELISPOT, and real-time PCR were valuable measurement techniques. |
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