| There is abundant culture and sedimentary literature which has been accumulating since from the Pre-Qin dynasty in Qilu. Not only does this area become the soil for the growth of local poets, but also provides inspiration and emotion for the poets who visited here. The Northern Song dynasty is a period that had more poets who were out to serve as an officer. When these young talents of Qilu left their hometown for the capital city and everywhere of the country to make their dream come true, the nonlocal poets have left their hometown for Qliu to study or serve as officers. There were some important poets in parnassus of Northern Song dynasty used to be officers here, such as Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi, Zeng Gong, Su Zhe. The arrival of these important poets had took their used friends circle to Qilu. They conducted many different forms of poem antiphon activities, added new blood for the Qilu and made it more active, improved and optimized the Qilu cultural ecological environment, and laid a solid foundation for the development of Qilu parnassus. At the same time, they searched for classical culture in this area, lingered on the landscape scenery, and experienced the customs of this land. Thus, their spirits and creations of poetry are disseminated the Qilu cultural color. Their creations also constituted an important part of Qilu parnassus. Therefore, this paper choosed "Qilu parnassus of Northern Song dynasty " as the research object, and mainly made a comprehensive research on the making friends and composition of the poets in the Nothern Song dynasty from the Angle of regional culture.The dissertation can be divided into introduction and three volumes, with 10 chapters altogether.In the introduction part, the paper introduces the significance of the research, the contents and the methods of the research, then it presents the history and the present situation of the research and makes a detailed comment on the theoretical approaches of the regional culture which see the creative place of the poets as the object of the study and is popular in the past few years.Taking into account the life of the ancient poets, most of their time was spent outside studying, working and traveling; it is obvious that such non-native geographic regions as the places where they composed literarily as well as schooled, worked and were exiled are more important than their native places. As the same for the development of Parnassus in one region, poets who composed poetry are often not all indigenous ones but most are here to serve as official poets away from home. Therefore, the study of poetry writing at a region or for a period of time should not only make it an object of the local poets'activities and creations but also of those of the poets who studied or worked locally, for the reason that the official poets may not be necessarily inferior to the indigenous poets in showing the regional culture and the characteristics of literature. In view of complicated relation between region and literature, we try to regard"Qilu Parnassus"(Qilu i.e. Shandong province) as a dynamic and space-time blending"poetry field"while conducting this research project. We take "field" as the core then investigate the local Qilu poets'and the official poets'making friends and composition in Qilu respectively. As for the local Qilu poets, the focus of our investigation should be put on their poetic creation and the regional characteristics presented in their poems; as for the official poets, the focus is on their making friends and exchanging poems as well as description of Qilu culture during their tour in Qilu.The first volume is the overview which discusses the main characteristics of the regional culture and Qilu Parnassus. The first chapter'Qilu Culture and Geographical Image in the Opinion of Poets in Northern Song Dynasty'investigates the geography,the local conditions and the mountain scenery of the Qilu region on the whole. During the Northern Song period, Qilu region was the political domination because the economy was rich and the location was near to the capital and at the same time, it was praised as the beautiful place of the east by the poets because of the convenient transportation, the mountain scenery and the deep culture. Chapter two'Qilu Official Traditions and Poetic Stule during Northern Song Dynasty'analyses the ecological culture environment of the creation in the Qilu Parnassus. Because of the influence of the Qilu culture, the poets of Qilu adopted the Confucianism and the poem teaching tradition and showed the cultural personality and the style is robust and modest. Chapter three'The Regional Distribution of Qilu Poets and Visiting Official Poets during Northern Song Dynasty'introduces the distribution situation of the Qilu Poets. More poets and poems appeared at those places belonging to the cultural developed area, for example, Qing Zhou locating at the political and culture center of the Jing Dong Road , Qi town with the convenient transportation and Ji town and Yun town located near to the capital.The second volume of the dissertation consists of three chapters, which, from point to area, discuss the communication and creative activities of the local poets in Qilu region represented by two poet groups with strong local color and an important poet. Chapter four mainly focus on the making friends and composition of a poet group which is called Dong Zhou Yi Dang. Chapter five mainly focuses on the poetry creativity and style of Mountain Tai group. This poet group, operating actively during the period of Song Zhen Zong and Song Ren Zong in the region of Qizhou and Zibo, Shandong Province, is the first one that named after region name in Song Dynasty and is full of strong local cultural color. They are famous for their unchained and law-free style. Plain, unadorned, generous or solemn, their poems appear the unique spirit outlook of Dong Zhou and are pioneering at the time. Chapter five mainly focuses on the making friends and composition and style of Mountain Tai group. Appearing during North Song Dynasty, the period of Song Ren Zong, this group centers on Mountain Tai, and is represented by Shijie, Sunfu, Dumo and other poets. Inheriting traditional Confucianism consciously, this group attaches fiercely Xi Kun Style and plays an important role in the development of the style of Song poetry with it's unique creation. Chapter six mainly discusses the personality of the famous poet, Wang Yucheng and his influence on the style of Song poetry. With elegance and plainness, his works tries best to prevent weak points, and revives the traditional Confucianism that"poetry is to state aspiration"to some extent. A correct way of Culture Revolution Northern Song Dynasty is opened up. And Wang's unyielding personality is far-reaching to scholars of Song Dynasty.The last volume consists of four chapters. Taking Qizhou, Qingzhou, Mizhou and Juanzhou--the names of the states in China-- as presentation, this part mainly focuses on the making friends and exchanging poems of poets in North Song Dynasty. Chapter Seven, Poets in Northern Song Dynasty and Qizhou Parnassus mainly discusses the making friends and exchanging poems of some famous poets including Zeng Gon, Su Zhe, Su Shi, Chaobu Zhi, Zuwu ze. Being a place with amazing landscape, Qizhou not only fosters a quite number of local poets, but also provide inspiration for the official poets who visited there. In Northern Song Dynasty, Jinan fostered a quite number of local poets, such as Zhang Yan, Li Guan, Xu Dun, Fan Feng, Li Zhi, Lige fei, Liqing Zhao one after another. And a lot of famous poets including Ouyang Xiu, Zeng Gong, Su Zhe, Su Shi, Zuwu Ze, Kongping Zhong, Kongwu Zhong, Fanchun Ren and Chaobu Zhi visited Jinan once resulting from the official affairs or not. They left so many impressive poets that sang the praise of natural landscape and cultural one in Jinan and vivified Qilu Parnassus. At the meanwhile, Jinan, the famous historic and cultural city was added some hard-win cultural basement.Chapter Eight titled Poets of the Northern Song Dynasty and Qingzhou Parnassus mainly states the making friends and exchanging poems in Qingzhou of such poets as Ouyang Xiu, Zhao Bian and Huang Shu, etc. As No.1 State in the Orient, facing the mountain and backing the ocean, famous for the feudal princes,, Qingzhou is characterized as a place famous for its significant geographic position, scenic beauty and rich resources and products. As a big and important state suppressing and appeasing the East for the imperial court, it once served as the location of Anfu Si and Xian Si and so on. And in the Northern Song Dynasty, Qingzhou was provided with a good opportunity to smoothly become the political, economic and cultural center in the east at that time, and among the states, playing an important and leading role in geographic position, military and economy. Here were venerable and famous officials holding a post in Qingzhou, like Xia Song, Wang Ceng, Fan Zhongyan, Fu Bi and Wen Boyan, and also poetic leader Ouyang Xiu and other important poets, such as Zhao Bian and Huang Shu, etc. Their poems enriched their life experiences, developed the space of poetic composition and laid a solid foundation for the style change of poetry.Chapter 9,'poets of the Northern Song Dynasty and Yunzhou Parnassus', mainly discusses the the making friends and exchanging poems of Liu Chang, Xian Yushen in Yunzhou. As a historical and cultural city, Yunzhou attracts lots of writers, whose literary and political affairs, poetry and wine-drinking romantics are often traced with esteeming by the newcomers. Liu Chang's antiphon with Ou Yangxiu and Mei Yaochen centres around Yunzhou Le Jiaoting, while Xian Yushen's antiphon with Su Shi and Su Zhe focuses on Yunzhou's moonlight night. They both reflect the literati landscape and aesthetic taste, and the detached nature ideals of Northern Song Dynasty writers. Also, the poems on the natural and cultural landscape of the Yunzhou city, increase the visibility and social impacts of Yunzhou city to some extent.Chapter 10,'poets of the Northern Song Dynasty and Mizhou Parnassus', deals with Su Shi's making friends and exchanging poems centering on Chao Rantai in Mizhou city. Mizhou is located in the east of Jingdong Road, banding mountains and near the sea, named Chijie state. Mizhou is also famous as'the second state of Shandong'. The natural scenery of Beitai, Changshan, Yuquan and Lushan inspire his creative thinking, especially North Chao Rantai. Su Shi appreciates Chao Rantai very much and writes Ode to Chao Rantai to express his detached thoughts. Su Shi also invites the celebrities to compose poetry about Chao Rantai. The antiphon on Chao Rantai is wide in range of geographical and large in number of poets, which brings a big impact on Mizhou Parnassus and even the parnassus of the country, also greatly enhances the visibility of Mizhou in the country. Chao Rantai and Su Shi's Ode to Chao Rantai become a great cultural landscape of Mizhou, which leads and inspires the aesthetic emotion of Qilu poets. Just like West Lake in Hangzhou, Huangzhou Dongpo, and Chibi, Chao Rantai is with great significance in Su Shi's thought nurturing and life and literary career. Thus, his lifelong detached thoughts come into being.The conclusion sums up the position and function of the Qilu Parnassus and the significance of making friends and composition in Qilu area of official poets in Song Dynasty. In the process of the poetic innovation in Song Dynasty, Qilu Parnassus is the base of creation. On the one hand, it appears the famous official poet Wang Yucheng and two groups, Dong Zhou Yi Dang and Mountain Tai group, who give great influence countrywide. Their plain and energetic style help to form Song poetic style; on the other, this circle provides an opportunity to the development of different regional culture. With their unique perspective, the official poets, from other parts of the country, improve Qilu style's integration to the Southern style, and plays an important role in the development of Qilu Parnassus... |
PDF Full Text Request