The Influence Of Robert Hart To Late Qing Dynasty Of China

Robert Hart was the very important person of late Qing dynasty in Chinese history.After he finished his college study in 1854, he was chosen to China as translator by English foreign ministry.In 1861, Feslai and he managed Inspectorate General of Chinese Customs.In 1861, he acted as Inspector General of Chinese Customs and left China in 1908, he was dead in 1911. Robert Hart had lived China over half century and dominated Chinese Customs for 48 years.He brought far reaching influence to late Qing dynasty of China.This article is composed by three parts:introduction, text and epilogue, which explained Robert Hart's effection to late Qing dynasty and analysized the reason.The introduction explains the significance of the research,the conditons of foreign and domestic scholars,provides reseach methods and introduces the innovation and shortage of the article.The text is divided into six chapters.The first chapter expains Robert Hart developed late Qing dynasty's Inspectorate General customs regulations and brought late qing dynasty nearly to realize modernization.The second chapter discourses Robert Hart's effection to late Qing dynasty government.including:Robert Hart affected late Qing government's policy, advocated and participated Westernization Movement,changed China fiscal and taxation system distribution and affected fiscal reform.The third chapter explains Robert Hart's effection to late Qing government's foreign affairs.Especially his display in the treatypact negotiation and organized customs to attend world's fair and helped Qing government to visit foreign countries,set up the office for China customs in London to help promote amateur foreign affairs.The fourth chapter explains Robert Hart's effection to late Qing dynasty's military affairs including Robert Hart's mind and fuction in late Qing dynasty's weapon purchasing,his conspire in North Marine Navy building,his covet in Qing government coast defence department.He atteded military action to peaceful army and gave suggestions to Qing dynasty's military reform.The fifth chapter discusses evaluation of Robert Hart's social effection to late Qing dynasty. Concluding and comparing domestic and foreign scholars's different views on Robert Hart's influence to China modern society, I proposed recognition in three sides such as,Robert Hart's action and reaction on China software construction during late Qing dynasty,his action and reaction on China hardware construction, also his action on late Qing dynasty's interests and his reaction on Chinese nation's strategic interests.The six chapter analyzes the reason that Robert Hart brought great influence to late Qing dynasty from historical background, individual mental characteristics and political character and so on.The epilogue further summarizes the necessity and chance that history chose Robert Hart. From longitudinal direction, we conclude the process of Robert Hart's influence to late Qing into four periods that is foundation period, important chance period, glorious period and recession period.