Study On Mencius And The Book Of Songs In Han Dynasty

The Study of the Book of Songs is the core of the academic in Han Dynasty, to learn academic in Han Dynasty should first be aimed at it .However there's always dispute on the origin of the academic in Han Dynasty. According to the new archaeology discoveries, documents and the academic achievements, mainly from the point of history of thought, academic and literary, the thesis is trying to find the deeper origin between The Works of Mencius and the Four Schools Poetry in Han Dynasty, and to find the sequence with the Confucianism, and also reexamines The Works of Mencius's status and function in the development of the academic in Han Dynasty.There're five chapters altogether in this thesis.Chapter one is the longitudinal exploration between the Works of Mencius and the development of the poetics during the Period of Warring States and Han Dynasty, to explore the origin between the Works of Mencius and poetics during Zhou, Qin and Han Dynasty from three aspects such as academic origin, areal relationship and change of status. From the academic origin point view, Mencius inherited the poetics of Confucius and also developed it. It not only based on the Songs as its philosophical thought, but also positioned the Songs value from the kingly way and temperament point view, which built the basis for the development of kingly way and temperament of the poetics in Han Dynasty. From the areal relationship point view, the movement of Mencius and the spread of the Works of Mencius are mainly in Qi- Lu and Chu State, where are the main spread and preserve areas of the Songs after the Spring and Autumn Period. The same areal culture inclination and the same heirs set a solid foundation for their enmeshment during Qin and Han Dynasty. From the change of status of the Works of Mencius point view, as well as the Confusion classics, people think highly of the Works of Mencius.Chapter two to chapter five based on the four schools poems of Qi, Lu, Han, Mao, is analyzing and distinguishing the deeper relationship of Mencius and four schools'poems between the motif of poetics and the characteristic of study of Confucian classics by viewing their academic ideologies, motif of poetics, adoption of the poems and acceptance of the descendants.Chapter two is the research on the relationship of Mencius and Lu shi. Archaeological findings show that the theory of four origins of Lu shi which is viewing as the developing creed of Lu shi is greatly influenced by the Mencius theory that poems die out with evidence disappear, which proved that Mencius poetics and the trend of Confucianism have direct association. Besides the explanations of the meanings of Lu shi are closely related with the Works of Mencius, even the historiography position and historical materials'collection of Si Maqian's Shi Ji and the setup of Zhao Qi's the Chapters and Sentences of the Works of Mencius are carrying out the ideologies of Mencius poetics in different ways.Chapter three pays attention to the correlations between Mencius and Qi shi. It points out that the yin-yang and five elements theory which influenced Qi shi and the academic development in Han Dynasty is not originated from Zou Yan but from Si-Meng school's five elements theory. The Assisting the regime Confucius intention which obviously showed in Qi shi is just the practice of the view of poems carry out the kingcraft by Mencius. Chapter four emphasizes on the correlations between Mencius and Han shi. The character that Han shi intensely take Mencius as its model is not only reflected by Han Ying's confirmation on the Mencius status of the songs, but also showed by the songs view that poems carry out the kingcraft. And the view of policy of benevolence, intellectuals'spirit and Sage, were all led by Mencius.Chapter five is the judgement on the relationship between Mencius and Mao shi. The three masterpieces are Preface of Mao shi, Old mottos of Mao shi and Letters of Mao shi. As a result of textual research, the view that the Songs express with motion in Perface of Mao shi is origianted from the disposition theory of Si-Meng school, and the disposition thought of Mencius is their dircet origin. Besides, its poems explanations are always combined with Mencius, and the trend of kingly way and political preaching are also originated from the Mencius'view that the Songs express in the kingly way. Secondly, the political intentions, poems'explanations in the Old mottos of Mao shi have great common with Mencius. And the publish of Letters of Mao shi and Chapters of Mao shi by Zheng Xuan are the practices on the views of"Seeking for the Intention Behind the Surface Meaning"(yi yi ni zhi )and"To know the author and examine the world in which he lived"(zhi ren lun shi)by Mencius. The above four chapters not only heckle and compare their outstanding poetic opinions and academic ideology origin with the Works of Mencius, point out the influences and debate gains and losses, but also discuss the works, argumentations and inclinations which learned from different schools of Han-Ru, so as to have a complete understanding with the development of the poetics in Han Dynasty. Si Maqian, Zhao Qi, Zheng Xuan are elaborated in special sections, Yi Feng, Ban Gu, Kuang Heng, Cai Yi are elaborated in different sections. The final purpose is not to judge one person or one school's style, but to find out the trend of the poetics in Han Dynasty that inherited the Works of Mencius, and with which to judge the status and process of Mencius on the development of the poetics in Han Dynasty.The epilogue based on the above analysis, the paper points out the phenomenon that the poems in Han Dynasty developed with the form of Xun zi and the bone of Mencius, which existed not only in Four Schools in Han Dynasty, but also in other schools in Han Dynasty. This means the closer relevance that the poetics in Han Dynasty with the Works of Mencius, and remind us that we should readjust the academic status of the Works of Mencius.The innovations in the paper are the following two parts: new materials usage and new viewpoints submission.â… New materials usageThis paper introduces extant ancient books and documentations, and also brings out gains of these years archaeological new discoveries, including gains from Statement of Confucius Poems in Shanghai museum, Guo Dian Bamboo Slips, The Book of Songs with the version of bamboo slips of the Han dynasty from Fuyang and textile excavated from the Han tomb at Mawangdui.â…¡New viewpoints submission1,New decision of the status of the Songs in the Works of Mencius.People only focus on the Songs'kingly way and political teaching with Mencius. But breaking down the narrow limitation of literature, from the angle of intellectual history we can find that, to Mencius, the Songs is not only the historical materials and textbooks that recorded in kingly way, but the root and source of Mencius philosophy.2,New discussion on the relationship of the political teaching functions between Mencius and the Songs.Confucius did not endow the political teaching meaning with the Songs. Owing to Mencius who endowed the political thought to the Songs that gave the Songs relatively independent political teaching functions after seceding from the assistant of the Music and the Dance. Thus it can be seen that the Confucianism explanation of the Songs in Han Dynasty and even later ages is mainly led by Mencius.3,New care of the trend of Mencius poetics This paper breaks out the verdict that Mencius poetics belongs to the political science, and points out that disposition science and political science are both wings of it. On the one hand, endowing the political teaching meaning, Mencius opened the political teaching way of poetic explanation, which became the main representation of Confucianism of the Songs in Han Dynasty; On the other hand, the disposition in Mencius poetics was inherited by the poetics in Han Dynasty, and formed the characteristics of expressing with temper.4,New care of the relationship between Mencius and the origin of the Han Dynasty PoeticsBreaking the past practice of only pay attention on the similar points between Mencius and The Book of Songs in Han Dynasty, this thesis selected from a point of genesis looking for the deep correlation between the two, from the common region and the common successors caused by the angle of in-depth interpretation of the Han Dynasty Poetics Mencius inherited causes.5,New discussion on the relationship(1)Trace to the source of the relationship between Lushi Si-Shi's setup intention and Mencius poetics.There's always argument on the Confucianism intention of Lushi Si-Shi's setup. By means of deep analysis, the paper finds out that Lushi Si-Shi's setup is just a correspondence with the processes of boom, prosperity, middle decline and end decline of Zhou Dynasty, which is just the reflection of the opinion that the Songs disappeared with the kingly indication perished. Lushi Si-Shi's inheritance with Mencius reflected that Mencius poetics plays an essential role to the Confucianism of the Songs in Han Dynasty.(2)New definition on the relationship between Mencius and the yin-yang and five elements theory in Qi shi.It points out that the yin-yang and five elements theory which influenced Qishi and the academic development in Han Dynasty is not originated from Zou Yan but from Simeng school's five elements theory.(3)The recognition of respective inclination with Mencius of Han shi. Although Mencius had great influence in the poetics in Han Dynasty, there were not enough proofs that Hanshi had respect with Mencius. The paper finds out that Hanshi regarded Mencius importance as well as Confucius, which is the recognition of Mencius secondary importance in the poetics origin and broke out the traditional view that Xunzi is the orthodoxy of Hanshi.(4)Trace to the source of"poetry out of affection"in Mao shi. In accordance with Unearthed documents and document handed down from ancient times, the paper points out that the view of"poetry out of affection"comes from the ideology of good nature of Mencius.6,A Multi-concern on Mencius influence to poetics. The paper discusses Mencius influence to the Four Schools from a more widely angle, such as the setup of the Chapters and Sentences of Mencius by Zhao Qi and historical views and materials in Shi-ji are greatly influenced by Mencius.7,New definition on the status of the Works of Mencius in the Han poetics.Although Xun zi was regarded as the orthodox school of the Han poetics, with deep comparisons and analysis, the conclusion comes out that the Han poetics superficial inherited Xun zi while combined Mencius to its whole value system, which calls the phenomenon that the form of Xun zi and the bone of Mencius in the Han poetics, which is a representative character in the development of poetics, but also a new definition on the status of the Works of Mencius in the Han poetics.