Xinjiang In The Qing Ethnic Relations Research

Xinjiang is situated at northwest border of our country, with a multi-ethnic community since the ancient times. The special geographical position and ethnic formation made ethnic relations in Xinjiang an important position. Ethnic relations in Xinjiang have a lot to do with our national security and long-term social harmony. As an important historical stage of the final formation of a multi-ethnic nation, the research on Xinjiang ethnic relations' system in Qing Dynasty has the vital practical significance and the academic value.Various races people in Xinjiang were under the rule of Zungar khanate at the beginning times of Qing Dynasty. The Zungar aristocrat carried out "holds its throne, and receives its tax" policy, and carried out arduous oppressive taxes in its conquered lands, which attempted to turn them into the provisioning base for khanate. The arduous taxes, the innumerable miscellaneous taxes and frequent extort heavily pressed the various races people in Xinjiang thus intensified the ethnic conflicts, and intensified the turmoil in Xinjiang area. Meanwhile, the Zungar rulers had forbidden the private trading activities between Xinjiang and inland,.But that trading exchange hadn't been interrupted, and proceeded with the form of massive trade diplomatic groups to inland which officially send by the Zungar khanate.Qing government has completed the unification of Tianshan north and south parties during the reign of Qianlong, and has finished several hundred year political turbulence and chaos in Xinjiang. In order to strengthen Xinjiang local government's rule, the Qing central government permitted them to implement a series of effective national policy, which enhanced the relations between the Qing Dynasty and the Xinjiang locals. At the same time, Xinjiang multi-ethnic economical exchange also obtained further strengthens, mutual cultural influence and seeps were more common, ethnic relations in Xinjiang's were up to its prime.After construction this new province, the Qing Dynasty regains Xinjiang under people's assistance. In order to consolidate the rule in Xinjiang, the Qing government implemented a series of reforms on politics, military, economy and culture, which promoted the ethnic relations that once worsened in previous rulers reign. These deeds not only broke the Qing Dynasty the ethnicity separation policy which carried out for a long time in Xinjiang, founded the new pattern of population movement which eventually formed the multi-dimensional modern ethnic residence pattern, but also further enhanced the economical and cultural exchange between different ethnics in Xinjiang. At the same time, "the pan-Islamism" and "the pan-Turkism" were to start to spread to Xinjiang under the harder imperialist aggression and via these oversea students who studied in these new style schools established under the "the new deal" period. They are used by some individuals from Xinjiang ethnic upper class, and with the names of religion and ethnicity to instigate ethnic conflicts and sabotaged ethnic relations, which increased the complexity of ethnic relations in Xinjiang.In brief, the ethnic relations' development in Xinjiang under Qing Dynasty is revolving the relations between Qing Dynasty and Xinjiang local ethnics and among themselves, and is passing through the overall ethnic relations in Qing Dynasty, with the deepening imperialist aggression, anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism struggle in Xinjiang provided an unification which also constituted another characteristic in modern ethnic relations development in Xinjiang and even China.